Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angel Sharks, with Comments on Elasmobranch Phylogeny (Chondrichthyes, Squatinidae)

Shirai, Shigeru

doi:10.2307/1446211

Cited by 71 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, based on our comparative descriptions, we modified two characters from Shirai (1996) and proposed two additional characters (Appendix). We then mapped states onto two trees modified from the phylogenetic hypotheses proposed by either morphological (Shirai 1992a(Shirai , 1992b(Shirai , 1996Carvalho & Maisey 1996) or molecular data (Douady et al 2003;Winchell et al 2004). Characters were mapped using MacClade 4.08 (Maddison & Maddison 2005).…”

Section: Comparative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A basioccipital fovea does not appear to be present in Pristiophorus (Shirai 1992a(Shirai , 1992b(Shirai , 1996Carvalho & Maisey 1996). Observable in radiographs, there is a small V-shaped notch present at the back of the skull (Fig.…”

Section: Comparative Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two exceptions were observed for Schroederichthys bivius, which has a reduced hemicentrum, and Pristiophorus, in which the hemicentrum is absent (Fig. 6B) (Shirai 1992a(Shirai , 1992b(Shirai , 1996Carvalho & Maisey 1996). The first vertebral centrum is greatly tapered in Pristiophorus -so much so that it actually looks like the hemicentrum in Schroederichthys -except that a pair of basiventral cartilages surrounds it.…”

Section: Comparative Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fishes were shuffled among many branches of elasmobranchs; sometimes aligned closely with batoids, sometimes squaloids, and sometimes both depending on the study (Seret 1986;Shirai 1992aShirai , 1992bShirai , 1996 and references therein). Most recently two well supported but drastically different competing hypotheses based on morphology and molecules posit batoids as derived sharks closely related to angel sharks and sawsharks (Shirai 1992a(Shirai , 1992b(Shirai , 1996, or as the sister group to a monophyletic group of sharks with no relationship to angel sharks respectively (Douady et al 2003;Winchell et al 2004;Heinicke et al 2009, V lez-Zuazo & Agnarsson 2011 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This region of the axial skeleton is of particular interest because of its possible functional and systema-tic implications among elasmobranchs (Melouk 1949;Shirai 1992aShirai , 1992b. Functionally, the morphology of the anterior axial skeleton is similar to taxa such as Sphyrna, which have a propensity to move swiftly from side to side (Melouk 1949).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology of the anterior vertebral region in elasmobranchs: special focus, Squatiniformes

Claeson

Hilger

2011

Fossil Record

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The morphology of extant and extinct Squatiniformes is well conserved within this lineage, but differences are of consequence to character interpretations for phylogenetic analyses. Investigation of the extinct taxon †Pseudorhina alifera (Münster, 1842) from the Late Jurassic of Solnhofen with extant species of Squatina provide new evidence that members of Squatiniformes possess a basioccipital fovea. Presence of a basioccipital fovea is the ancestral condition in Neoselachians and hypothesized to be lost in members of Hypnosqualea. In addition, species of Squatina all posses a reduced occipital hemicentrum while the occipital hemicentrum in †Pseudorhina is unreduced, indicating the condition in Squatina is an example of postdisplacement heterochrony. Pristiophoriformes and Batoidea also are characterized by a lack of a basioccipital fovea and hemicentrum. However, extinct members of Batoidea, such as †Spathobatis, and modern taxa do possess a distinct notch in the posterior basicranium ventral to the foramen magnum. Except for the lack of an associated occipital hemicentrum, this notch is similar to the basioccipital fovea, but its homology is not yet addressed. Furthermore, within all species of Squatiniformes and Pristiophoriformes, as well as some members of Orectolobiformes and Carcharhiniformes, basiventral cartilages are laterally expanded, contributing to a broad articulation with the occipital condyle. The disparate taxa with modifications to the basiventral cartilages suggest a significant functional, rather than phylogenetic, signal for this feature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Section: Comparative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Morphology of the anterior vertebral region in elasmobranchs: special focus, Squatiniformes

Claeson

Hilger

2011

Fossil Record

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2016

Fishes of the World

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Anatomy and functional morphology of the feeding apparatus of the lesser electric ray, Narcine brasiliensis (Elasmobranchii: Batoidea)

Dean

Motta

2004

Journal of Morphology

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Protrusion of the jaws during feeding is common in Batoidea (rays, skates, sawfishes, and guitarfishes), members of which possess a highly modified jaw suspension. The lesser electric ray, Narcine brasiliensis, preys primarily on polychaete annelids using a peculiar and highly derived mechanism for jaw protraction. The ray captures its prey by protruding its jaws beneath the substrate and generating subambient buccal pressure to suck worms into its mouth. Initiation of this protrusion is similar to that proposed for other batoids, in that the swing of the distal ends of the hyomandibulae is transmitted to Meckel's cartilage. A "scissor-jack" model of jaw protrusion is proposed for Narcine, in which the coupling of the upper and lower jaws, and extremely flexible symphyses, allow medial compression of the entire jaw complex. This results in a shortening of the distance between the right and left sides of the jaw arch and ventral extension of the jaws. Motion of the skeletal elements involved in this extreme jaw protrusion is convergent with that described for the wobbegong shark, Orectolobus maculatus. Narcine also exhibits asymmetrical protrusion of the jaws from the midline during processing, accomplished by unequal depression of the hyomandibulae. Lower jaw versatility is a functional motif in the batoid feeding mechanism. The pronounced jaw kinesis of N. brasiliensis is partly a function of common batoid characteristics: euhyostylic jaw suspension (decoupling the jaws from the hyoid arch) and complex and subdivided cranial musculature, affording fine motor control. However, this mechanism would not be possible without the loss of the basihyal in narcinid electric rays. The highly protrusible jaw of N. brasiliensis is a versatile and maneuverable feeding apparatus well-suited for the animal's benthic feeding lifestyle.

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Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angel Sharks, with Comments on Elasmobranch Phylogeny (Chondrichthyes, Squatinidae)

Cited by 71 publications

References 17 publications

Morphology of the anterior vertebral region in elasmobranchs: special focus, Squatiniformes

Morphology of the anterior vertebral region in elasmobranchs: special focus, Squatiniformes

Bibliography

Anatomy and functional morphology of the feeding apparatus of the lesser electric ray, Narcine brasiliensis (Elasmobranchii: Batoidea)

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