Phylogenetic relationships of the downy mildews (Peronosporales) and related groups based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

Riethmüller, Alexandra; Voglmayr, Hermann; Göker, Markus; Weiß, Michael; Oberwinkler, Franz

doi:10.1080/15572536.2003.11833177

Cited by 173 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…palmivora (Mchau & Coffey 1994) and Peronophythora litchii (Riethmüller et al 2002) are the species most closely related to P. alticola. A single undescribed species listed in GenBank as Phytophthora sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new Phytophthora species from South African Eucalyptus plantations

Maseko

Burgess

Coutinho

et al. 2007

Mycological Research

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A recent study to determine the cause of collar and root rot disease outbreaks of cold tolerant Eucalyptus species in South Africa resulted in the isolation of two putative new Phytophthora species. Based on phylogenetic comparisons using the ITS and β-tubulin gene regions, these species were shown to be distinct from known species. These differences were also supported by robust morphological characteristics. The names, Phytophthora frigida sp. nov. and Phytophthora alticola sp. nov. are thus provided for these taxa, which are phylogenetically closely related to species within the ITS clade 2 (P. citricola, P. tropicali and P.multivesiculata) and 4 (P. arecae and P. megakarya), respectively. Phytophthora frigida is heterothallic, and produces stellate to rosaceous growth patterns on growth medium, corraloid hyphae, sporangia with a variety of distorted shapes and has the ability to grow at low temperatures. Phytophthora alticola is homothallic and has a slower growth rate in culture. Both P. frigida and P. alticola are pathogenic to Eucalyptus dunnii. In pathogenicity tests, they were, however, less pathogenic than P. cinnamomi, which is a well-known pathogen of Eucalyptus in South Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new Phytophthora species from South African Eucalyptus plantations

Maseko

Burgess

Coutinho

et al. 2007

Mycological Research

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“…The DNA was extracted with the modified CTAB method described in Riethmü ller et al (2002), but using a high salt 3 Â CTAB buffer (see above) with 1 per cent mercaptoethanol and two chloroformisoamyl alcohol (24 : 1) extraction steps. After precipitation, the pellet was washed twice with 70 per cent aqueous ethanol, dried in a vacuum centrifuge, and the pellet dissolved in 50 ml 1 Â TE buffer.…”

Section: (D) Fungal Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelial carton galleries of Azteca brevis (Formicidae) as a multi-species network

Mayer

Voglmayr

2009

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Apart from growing fungi for nutrition, as seen in the New World Attini, ants cultivate fungi for reinforcement of the walls of their nests or tunnel-shaped runway galleries. These fungi are grown on organic material such as bark, epiphylls or trichomes, and form stable 'carton structures'. In this study, the carton of the runway galleries built by Azteca brevis (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) on branches of Tetrathylacium macrophyllum (Flacourtiaceae) is investigated. For the first time, molecular tools are used to address the biodiversity and phylogenetic affinities of fungi involved in tropical ant carton architecture, a previously neglected ant -fungus mutualism.The A. brevis carton involves a complex association of several fungi. All the isolated fungi were unequivocally placed within the Chaetothyriales by DNA sequence data. Whereas five types of fungal hyphae were morphologically distinguishable, our DNA data showed that more species are involved, applying a phylogenetic species concept based on DNA phylogenies and hyphal morphology. In contrast to the New World Attini with their many-to-one (different ant species-one fungal cultivar) pattern, and temperate Lasius with a one-to-two (one ant species-two mutualists) or many-to-one (different ant species share the same mutualist) system, the A. brevis-fungi association is a one-to-many multi-species network. Vertical fungus transmission has not yet been found, indicating that the A. brevis-fungi interaction is rather generalized.

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“…To confirm the identification of the pathogen, DNA was extracted from infected plant tissue, using the CTAB protocol of Riethmüller et al (2002). The complete ITS rDNA region was amplified and sequenced using the primers ITS5-P2 (Voglmayr & Constantinescu, 2008) and ITS4, and deposited in GenBank (Accession No.…”

Section: Pseudoperonospora Cubensis Causing Downy Mildew Disease Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora cactorum causing bleeding canker of common beech, horse chestnut, and white poplar in the Czech Republic

et al. 2009

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In 2007, declining mature trees of common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), and white poplar ( Populus alba ) with bleeding cankers were found in several locations in the Central Bohemia region. The morphological and cultural characteristics of isolates from diseased tissues were consistent with those of Phytophthora cactorum (Erwin & Ribeiro, 1996). The colonies were stellate to rosaceous, appressed with slight aerial mycelium on V8 agar. Radial growth was 8-14 mm day -1 at 20 ° C. Optimum growth temperature was 23-25 ° C, minimum 3-8 ° C and maximum 30-33 ° C. Strains were homothallic, produced abundant terminal, smooth-walled, spherical oogonia (20 -35 μ m in diameter). Oospores were plerotic or nearly plerotic, 22-31 μ m in diameter and the oospore wall 1·0-2·2 μ m thick. Antheridia were para-gynous, but amphigynous antheridia also occurred in up to a quarter of cases. Sporangiophores were sympodial, sporangia ellipsoidal, ovoid to subglobose, papillate and measured 17-38 × 14-30 μ m (L:B ratio 1·05-1·80).Comparison of DNA sequences of ITS region of representative isolates from all hosts (GenBank Acc. Nos. EU562207-EU562209) gave 99% identity to P. cactorum . Isolates were deposited at Culture Collection of Fungi, Prague under CCF Nos. 3757, 3758, 3762.The pathogenicity was tested using 20, 1-year-old saplings of all three hosts. Wounds (5 mm diam.) on stems of ten saplings of each host were artificially inoculated by plugs of V8 agar from the actively growing colony margins of isolates and the wounds were sealed by Parafilm. The characteristic stem necroses developed after 1-2 weeks on all plants. Stems of many beech and horse chestnut saplings were girdled in 2 to 3 months and in c . 33% of poplars, with the majority of poplar saplings forming callus and surviving the infection. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from plants showing symptoms. The control plants inoculated in the same way with sterile agar plugs remained healthy.Phytophthora cactorum is well known pathogen of beech and horse chestnut (Brasier & Strouts, 1976;Jung et al ., 2005), but not reported on any poplar species. This is the first report of P. cactorum causing bleeding canker of common beech and horse chestnut in the Czech Republic and the first record of it on white poplar. Acknowledgement

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Phylogenetic relationships of the downy mildews (Peronosporales) and related groups based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

Cited by 173 publications

References 32 publications

Two new Phytophthora species from South African Eucalyptus plantations

Two new Phytophthora species from South African Eucalyptus plantations

Mycelial carton galleries of Azteca brevis (Formicidae) as a multi-species network

Phytophthora cactorum causing bleeding canker of common beech, horse chestnut, and white poplar in the Czech Republic

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