Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Abstract

A phylogenetic analysis of nearly all genera of the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae is provided based on osteology, external anatomy, and digestive tract anatomy. The results suggest that the Hypostominae is a paraphyletic assemblage. Delturus and Upsilodus form a monophyletic group sister to all other loricariids. Hemipsilichthys, Isbrueckerichthys, Kronichthys, and Pareiorhina form a monophyletic group with Neoplecostomus and the Hypoptopomatinae and are transferred to the Neoplecostominae. The remainder of the Hypostominae is made paraphyletic by the continuing recognition of the Ancistrinae. Ancistrinae is returned to the Hypostominae and recognized as a tribe, Ancistrini. In addition, four new tribes (Corymbophanini, Hypostomini, Pterygoplichthini, and Rhinelepini) are described. Hypostomus is also paraphyletic, the bulk of it forming a monophyletic clade with Aphanotorulus, Cochliodon, and Isorineloricaria. All of the potential monophyletic groups within Hypostomus grade into one another; therefore, Aphanotorulus, Cochliodon, and Isorineloricaria are placed in the synonymy of Hypostomus. Pterygoplichthys and Glyptoperichthys are also polyphyletic, and Liposarcus and Glyptoperichthys are recognized as synonyms of Pterygoplichthys. Sister to Pterygoplichthys is the Hemiancistrus annectens group (including Hypostomus panamensis) which represents an undescribed genus. The phylogeny presented is compared with previous hypotheses.

Karyotypic diversity and evolution of Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes)

“…Upsilodinae was recently considered as the most basal Loricariidae subfamily (Armbruster, 1997), possessing only one species, Upsilodus victori. However, Lima (1997) considers that specimens derived from the Paraibuna river (São Paulo State, Brazil) may constitute another species, due to marked differences in morphological characters.…”

“…Schaefer (1987) hypothesized that loricariids can be grouped in six subfamilies (Lithogeninae, Neoplecostominae, Hypoptopomatinae, Loricariinae, Ancistrinae and Hypostominae), constituting a monophyletic group. However, through the studẏ of morphological characters (osteology and external and gastrointestinal anatomy), Armbruster (1997) proposed two new subfamilies, Hemipsilichthiinae and Upsilodinae, the latter being considered as the most basal among the loricariids, with only one monotypic genus, Upsilodus.…”

Phylogenetic signal and major ecological shifts in the ecomorphological structure of stream fish in two river basins in Brazil

“…We constructed a composite phylogenetic hypothesis for the 33 stream fish species based on six different studies (de Pinna, 1998;Montoya-Burgos, 2003;Armbruster, 2004;Mirande, 2010;Near et al, 2012;Sullivan et al, 2013). The phylogeny was built by hand using Mesquite v.2.75 (Maddison & Maddison, 2011).…”

Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with description of a new species

“…The parasphenoid of loricariids is generally narrow along its entire length (Schaefer, 1987(Schaefer, , 1991Rapp Py-Daniel, 1997;Armbruster, 2004;Lehmann A., 2006;Pereira, 2008), as observed in Dasyloricaria paucisquama (state 0). Alternatively, the parasphenoid of Sturisoma, D. latiura and D. filamentosa is broad posteriorly at its area of articulation with the basioccipital (state 1).…”