Phylogenetic signatures of ecological divergence and leapfrog adaptive radiation in<i>Espeletia</i>

Pouchon, Charles; Lavergne, Sébastien; Fernández, Agustina Fernández; Alberti, Adriana; Aubert, S.; Mavárez, Jesús

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1591

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…Their high species diversity may be the result of repeated cycles of allopatry driven by Pleistocene climate changes, periodically allowing páramo species to migrate downslope during cold glacial periods, with upslope movement driving isolation during warmer interglacials. This model of 'flickering connectivity' (Flantua et al, 2019) envisages extensive opportunity for secondary contact and interspecific gene flow, and this is now supported by numerous empirical examples (Nevado et al, 2018;Pouchon et al, 2021). This, coupled with the diversity of habitats resulting from the steep ecological clines along mountain slopes, renders hybridization a relatively common occurrence in the Andes.…”

Section: Hybridization In the Neotropical Floramentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Species of Espeletiinae are known to have diversified rapidly, within the last c. 2.3 Myr, and show a wide range of growth forms, from herbaceous rosettes to trees (Monasterio & Sarmiento, 1991). Pouchon et al (2018) used plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear data recovered via genome skimming to show that most diversification in Espeletiinae occurred through climate-driven morphological adaptation, allopatry and ecological speciation (Pouchon et al, 2021) and that hybridization was common between sympatric species. Moreover, they suggested that the broad range of morphological variation in the group and the occurrence of species with admixed phenotypes was probably influenced by the sharing of traits through hybridization that may have been catalysed by repeated periods of habitat connectivity.…”

Section: Hybridization In the Neotropical Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybridization: a ‘double-edged sword’ for Neotropical plant diversity

Schley

Twyford

Pennington

2021

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Hybridization can facilitate both evolutionary diversification and extinction and has had a critical role in plant evolution, with c. 25% of species known to hybridize in some temperate floras. However, in the species-rich Neotropical flora, the role of hybridization in the evolution of diversity remains unclear. Our review examines studies of hybridization in seed plants from across the Neotropics and explores its outcomes on Neotropical plant evolution. We review studies on a per-biome basis and a spectrum of evolutionary outcomes from hybridization are evident across Neotropical biomes and taxa. These range from short-term impacts, such as the broadening of ecological amplitude in hybrid progeny with transgressive phenotypes and genetic swamping, through to long term impacts, such as the generation of new lineages. Among these studies certain themes emerge, such as the pervasive hybridization among species-rich plant radiations from the Andean páramos, suggesting a role for hybridization in rapid diversification events. Finally, we highlight that hybridization is relatively understudied in the Neotropical flora, despite its remarkable species richness. The advent of genomic techniques can facilitate the study of hybridization and its effects in understudied biomes and plant groups. The increasing availability of genomic resources will eventually allow comparisons between tropical and temperate floras and therefore shed light on the evolutionary impacts of hybridization across the latitudinal biodiversity gradient.

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Section: Hybridization In the Neotropical Floramentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Hybridization In the Neotropical Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization: a ‘double-edged sword’ for Neotropical plant diversity

Schley

Twyford

Pennington

2021

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…The time is obviously ripe to re-address the timing, mechanisms and patterns of parallel adaptation in the afroalpine flora using genomic approaches. Recent genomic studies of the Andean lineages Espeletia and Lupinus show that diversification often has occurred exceptionally fast via ecological speciation during the last glacial cycles of the Pleistocene, and that small-scale ecological divergence may have occurred along multiple niche dimensions (Nevado et al 2018(Nevado et al , 2019Pouchon et al 2020).…”

Section: Parallel Adaptation: Giants Dwarfs and Cushionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and evolution of the afroalpine flora: in the footsteps of Olov Hedberg

et al. 2021

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The monumental work of Olov Hedberg provided deep insights into the spectacular and fragmented tropical alpine flora of the African sky islands. Here we review recent molecular and niche modelling studies and re-examine Hedberg’s hypotheses and conclusions. Colonisation started when mountain uplift established the harsh diurnal climate with nightly frosts, accelerated throughout the last 5 Myr (Plio-Pleistocene), and resulted in a flora rich in local endemics. Recruitment was dominated by long-distance dispersals (LDDs) from seasonally cold, remote areas, mainly in Eurasia. Colonisation was only rarely followed by substantial diversification. Instead, most of the larger genera and even species colonised the afroalpine habitat multiple times independently. Conspicuous parallel evolution occurred among mountains, e.g., of gigantism in Lobelia and Dendrosenecio and dwarf shrubs in Alchemilla. Although the alpine habitat was ~ 8 times larger and the treeline was ~ 1000 m lower than today during the Last Glacial Maximum, genetic data suggest that the flora was shaped by strong intermountain isolation interrupted by rare LDDs rather than ecological connectivity. The new evidence points to a much younger and more dynamic island scenario than envisioned by Hedberg: the afroalpine flora is unsaturated and fragile, it was repeatedly disrupted by the Pleistocene climate oscillations, and it harbours taxonomic and genetic diversity that is unique but severely depauperated by frequent bottlenecks and cycles of colonisation, extinction, and recolonisation. The level of intrapopulation genetic variation is alarmingly low, and many afroalpine species may be vulnerable to extinction because of climate warming and increasing human impact.

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“…Cuatrecasas (1976Cuatrecasas ( , 1995. See Pouchon et al (2021) for details on phylogenomic reconstructions.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Color shades highlight genera according toCuatrecasas (1976Cuatrecasas ( , 1995. SeePouchon et al (2021) for details on…”

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confidence: 99%

A Taxonomic Revision of Espeletia (Asteraceae). II. Updated List of Taxa, Nomenclature, and Conservation Status in the Colombian Radiation

Mavárez

2021

Harvard Papers in Botany

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In this work a taxonomic revision is made of the nomenclature, distribution, and conservation status for the 84 species in the Colombian clade of Espeletia. Taxonomic changes include five new combinations for taxa at the species level that are transferred to Espeletia. Seventy-three species are endemic to the Colombian Cordillera Oriental (including four extending into the Venezuelan side of the Páramo de Tamá), six are found in the Colombian Cordillera Central (four endemic to this range, one extending into Ecuador, and one shared with the Colombian Cordillera Occidental), three are endemic to the Colombian Cordillera Occidental, and two are endemic to the Sierra de Perijá (including one yet to be found within Colombian borders). Geographic distributions at the páramo massif level are given for all species and subspecies. The IUCN Red List category is listed for each species, with suggestions for recategorization of some species with small distribution areas, low number of populations, and threat of changes in their habitat extent and quality. In all, about 60 species in the Colombian Espeletia clade must be considered to be within a threatened category. When species belonging to the Venezuelan Espeletia clade that are found within Colombian borders are included, the current estimate of total diversity of Espeletia in this country is 90 species.

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Phylogenetic signatures of ecological divergence and leapfrog adaptive radiation inEspeletia

Abstract: Evolutionary radiations, defined as events of accelerated species diversification on relatively short timescales (Simões et al., 2016), have often been documented in many high mountain floras, such as the

Cited by 17 publications

References 110 publications

Hybridization: a ‘double-edged sword’ for Neotropical plant diversity

Hybridization: a ‘double-edged sword’ for Neotropical plant diversity

History and evolution of the afroalpine flora: in the footsteps of Olov Hedberg

A Taxonomic Revision of Espeletia (Asteraceae). II. Updated List of Taxa, Nomenclature, and Conservation Status in the Colombian Radiation

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