Phylogenetic Variation in the Silicon Composition of Plants

Hodson, Martin J.; White, Philip J.; Mead, Andrew; Broadley, Martin R.

doi:10.1093/aob/mci255

Cited by 929 publications

(852 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In general, angiosperms accumulate more phytoliths in their shoots than gymnosperms. Within the angiosperms, the Poaceae accumulate more phytoliths than other monocot species [41]. Whether different plants yield differing amounts of PhytOC, and what factors control this in each remain to be found.…”

Section: Phytoliths and Phytocmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

Zuo

Lü

2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Phytoliths are noncrystalline minerals that form inside cells and cell walls of different parts of plants. Organic carbon in living cells can be occluded in phytoliths during plant growth. It has been documented that the occluded carbon within phytoliths is an important long-term terrestrial carbon reservoir that has a major role in the global carbon cycle. Common millet and foxtail millet have become typical dry-farming crops in China since the Neolithic Age. The study of carbon conservation within phytoliths in these crops could provide insights into anthropogenic influences on the carbon cycle. In this study, we analyzed the carbon content in phytoliths of common millet and foxtail millet. The results indicated that (1) common millet and foxtail millet contained 0.136% ± 0.070% and 0.129% ± 0.085% phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) on a dry mass basis, respectively; (2) based on the mean annual production of common millet and foxtail millet in the last 10 years, the phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate of common millet and foxtail millet was approximately 0.023 ± 0.015 and 0.020 ± 0.010 t CO 2 ha 1 a 1 , respectively; (3) assuming a similar phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate as for common millet (the highest accumulation rate was 0.038 t CO 2 ha 1 a 1 ), this could result in the sequestration of 2.37 × 10 6 t CO 2 per year for the 62.4 × 10 6 ha dry-farming crops in China. Although there was a decline in the annual production rate and planting area of foxtail millet during 1949 to 2008, the total phytolith carbon sequestration rate was 7×10 6 t CO 2 within the 60-year period. However, phytolith occluded carbon has not yet been fully considered as a global carbon sink. Also, this carbon fraction is probably one of the best candidates for the missing carbon sink.phytoliths, carbon sequestration, dry-farming, phytolith occluded carbon, PhytOC Citation: Zuo X X, Lü H Y. Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China.

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Section: Phytoliths and Phytocmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

Zuo

Lü

2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…According to BRAGA et al (2009), the different behaviour observed in species that receive Si can be explained by the fact that the in vitro growth conditions depends on the development of culture media protocols that are optimized for each species and the perfect interaction of components. Most of the studies involving the effect of Si in the plant was carried out with accumulating species, like the monocots, due to important responses that these plants show in the presence of this element, behaviour that is not often observed for other species, such as those of group of dicots (HODSON et al, 2005). Studies using non-accumulating species of Si have become more frequent due to the larger quest for understanding the behaviour of these plants in the presence of this element, when compared to the wealth of information that already exists about the Si accumulation in Poaceae family (ZHU & GONG, 2014).…”

Section: Phytotechnical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress and exogenous silicon influence physiological and anatomical features of in vitro-grown cape gooseberry

et al. 2017

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Salt stress is one of several major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and development, and there are many evidences that silicon can ameliorate the injuries caused by high salinity. This study presents the results of an assay concerning: (1) the effect of in vitro NaCl-induced salt stress in cape gooseberry plants and (2) the possible mitigating effect of silicon in saline conditions. For that, nodal segments were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under salinity (0.5 and 1.0% NaCl) with different silicic acid concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1.0g L-1). Phytotechnical characteristics, photosynthetic pigments content, and leaf anatomy were evaluated after 30 days. Shoot length, root length, number of leaves and buds, fresh and dry weight, pigment content, stomatal density and leaf blade thickness were drastically reduced by increased salt level. The supply of silicon (1.0g L-1) has successfully mitigated the effect of salinity at 0.5% NaCl for chlorophyll, carotenoids, stomatal density and leaf blade thickness. When salt stress was about 1.0%, Si was not effective anymore. In conclusion, we affirmed that, in in vitro conditions, salt stress is harmful for cape gooseberry plants and the addition of silicon showed effective in mitigating the saline effects of some features.

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“…Ponzi and Pizzolongo [36] have described the morphology and distribution of epidermal phytoliths in Triticum aestivum. Some other silicon-related aspects in various plants have also been discussed earlier by various active researchers [15,16,21,32,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…spectrometer. The spectrometer has three modules to provide high resolution (FWHM 0.1 nm) in the 200-500 nm (12,13), sinuous rod shaped (14,15), stomata (16) and epidermal cell (17)] and stem of wheat [elongate sinuous phytolith (18,19), rod shaped (20), trapezoid (21,22), stomata (23), papillae (24), epidermal cell (25)] wavelength region and a fourth module that has low resolution (FWHM 0.75 nm) in the 200-900 nm wavelength region. To record the LIBS spectra we first dried the wheat plants and converted them to powder, and then one gram of powder from each part was used to prepare the pellets.…”

Section: Libs Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Phytolith Analysis: An Approach to Study the Deposition and Distribution Pattern of Silicon in Different Parts of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant

et al. 2012

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The distribution/deposition pattern of silicon and minerals in different parts of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants was determined using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and phytolith analysis. The LIBS spectra of different parts of wheat plants gave spectral signature of Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Na, K, C, H, O and N. Phytolith analysis showed that the leaves of wheat plants are the highest silicon accumulator followed by the awn, leaf sheath, lemma, rachilla and stem. The results of LIBS analysis and the phytolith analysis were in close agreement. The multivariate statistical analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), was applied to the data set of the LIBS spectra of the different parts of the wheat plants. PCA on LIBS data matrix gives PC1 (99 %) and PC2 (1 %) which explains the 100 % variance in the data set. The PCA plots discriminate the vegetative and fertile parts of the wheat plant. Furthermore, the appearance of silicon in each part of the wheat plants also demonstrates its significance in biocement production.

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Phylogenetic Variation in the Silicon Composition of Plants

Cited by 929 publications

References 38 publications

Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

Salt stress and exogenous silicon influence physiological and anatomical features of in vitro-grown cape gooseberry

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Phytolith Analysis: An Approach to Study the Deposition and Distribution Pattern of Silicon in Different Parts of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant

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