Phylogenic analysis of Chinese Leishmania isolates based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and 7 spliced leader RNA (7SL RNA)

Wang, Guan; DePing, Cao; Sun, Ke; Zhang, Junrong; Chen, Dali; Chen, Jianping

doi:10.2478/s11686-012-0022-9

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Then, our recent studies further revealed the heterogeneity of Chinese Leishmania isolates since several species, including L. donovani complex, L. gerbilli, L. tropica, and L. turanica, have been identified (Cao et al 2011;Yang et al 2010Yang et al , 2013. Moreover, a novel and undescribed Leishmania species may exist in China (Cao et al 2011;Guan et al 2012;Sun et al 2012). Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of Chinese Leishmania have not been completely clarified, especially identification within species complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Phylogenetic analysis of HSP70 and cyt b gene sequences for Chinese Leishmania isolates and ultrastructural characteristics of Chinese Leishmania sp.

et al. 2016

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Leishmaniasis is a worldwide epidemic disease caused by the genus Leishmania, which is still endemic in the west and northwest areas of China. Some viewpoints of the traditional taxonomy of Chinese Leishmania have been challenged by recent phylogenetic researches based on different molecular markers. However, the taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Leishmania isolates remain controversial, which need for more data and further analysis. In this study, the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene and cytochrome b (cyt b) gene were used for phylogenetic analysis of Chinese Leishmania isolates from patients, dogs, gerbils, and sand flies in different geographic origins. Besides, for the interesting Leishmania sp. in China, the ultrastructure of three Chinese Leishmania sp. strains (MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, SD, GL) were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Bayesian trees from HSP70 and cyt b congruently indicated that the 14 Chinese Leishmania isolates belong to three Leishmania species including L. donovani complex, L. gerbilli, and L. (Sauroleishmania) sp. Their identity further confirmed that the undescribed Leishmania species causing visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in China is closely related to L. tarentolae. The phylogenetic results from HSP70 also suggested the classification of subspecies within L. donovani complex: KXG-918, KXG-927, KXG-Liu, KXG-Xu, 9044, SC6, and KXG-65 belong to L. donovani; Cy, WenChuan, and 801 were proposed to be L. infantum. Through transmission electron microscopy, unexpectedly, the Golgi apparatus were not observed in SC10H2, SD, and GL, which was similar to previous reports of reptilian Leishmania. The statistical analysis of microtubule counts separated SC10H2, SD, and GL as one group from any other reference strain (L. donovani MHOM/IN/80/DD8; L. tropica MHOM/SU/74/K27; L. gerbilli MRHO/CN/60/GERBILLI). The ultrastructural characteristics of Leishmania sp. partly lend support to the phylogenetic inference that Chinese Leishmania sp. is in close relationship with reptilian Leishmania.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In our previous studies, traditional viewpoints on taxonomy and cladistics hypotheses of Chinese Leishmania isolates have been challenged based on different molecular markers (Cao et al 2011;Guan et al 2012;Yang et al 2010). More effective markers are still needed to clarify the species status and phylogeny of Leishmania in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic analysis of HSP70 and cyt b gene sequences for Chinese Leishmania isolates and ultrastructural characteristics of Chinese Leishmania sp.

et al. 2016

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“…However, most of these studies were aimed to analyse isolates/strains from one particular geographic region, and only a few authors have investigated phylogenetic relationships within the entire genus (Croan and Ellis, 1996;Croan et al, 1997;Dávila and Momen 2000;Berzunza-Cruz et al, 2002;Luyo-Acero et al, 2004;Zelazny et al, 2005; Spanakos et al, 2008;Villinski et al, 2008;Asato et al, 2009;Guan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of molecular sequence techniques is providing a large amount of additional data for phylogenetic analyses, but in spite of this, evolutionary relationships remain to be solved (Hughes and Piontkivska, 2003). Different molecular markers have been used for phylogenetic studies in Leishmania: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 of the ribosomal DNA array (Cupolillo et al, 1995;Dávila and Momen, 2000;Berzunza-Cruz et al, 2002;Orlando et al, 2002;Kuhls et al, 2005;Spanakos et al, 2008;Sukmee et al, 2008;Villinski et al, 2008), a repetitive DNA sequence (Piarroux et al, 1995), the gene for DNA polymerase α catalytic subunit (POLA, Croan et al, 1997), the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPOIILS, Croan and Ellis, 1996;Croan et al,1997), the cytochrome oxidase II gene (COII, Ibrahim and Barker, 2001;Cao et al, 2011), the glycoprotein 63 gene (gp63, Mauricio et al, 2007), cysteine protease B genes (cpb, Hide et al, 2007), the mini-exon (Sukmee et al, 2008), 7SL RNA (Zelazny et al, 2005;Guan et al, 2012), the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, Guan et al, 2012), and the cytochrome B gene (cytB, LuyoAcero et al, 2004;Asato et al, 2009). Recently, Boité et al (2012) evaluated the phylogeny of Leishmania (Viannia) parasites based on multilocus sequence analysis using different housekeeping genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and species discrimination according to the Leishmania heat-shock protein 20 gene

Fraga

Montalvo

Auwera

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscription Footnote:Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in GenBank, EMBL and DDBJ databases under the accession numbers JX630109-JX630148. Highlights-Hsp20 is a suitable molecular marker for Leishmania typing.-The same pair of oligonucleotides allows hsp20 amplification from different Leishmania species.-Nine species and two subspecies are recognized among the Leishmania pathogenic species.-A reliable taxonomy for Leishmania is possible based on molecular phylogenetic analyses. 2 AbstractThe Leishmania genus comprises up to 35 species, of which 20 are responsible for human disease.However, the taxonomic status for many of them is under discussion. The small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) have been extensively studied due to their importance in protecting cellular proteins from aggregation and maintaining cellular viability under intensive stress conditions. In Leishmania, a protein of this class was previously described, the 20-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP20), which is encoded by a single gene. In the present study, we used this target, alone or in combination with hsp70 gene, to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Leishmania species. Using a pair of degenerate primers it was possible amplifying a 370-bp fragment of the hsp20 coding region in 39 strains of very different geographic origins, representing in total 16 Leishmania species. Nucleotide sequences were readily obtained by direct sequencing of the amplification products. Both phylogenetic trees and networks based on either hsp20 sequences or combined datasets of hsp20 and hsp70 sequences were constructed. These phylogenic analyses allowed the division of the Leishmania genus Leishmania typing and classification purposes. In addition, this study represents a solid contribution towards establishing a better and more reliable taxonomy for the genus Leishmania.Keywords: HSP20; HSP70; Phylogeny; Molecular typing; Taxonomy; Leishmania 3 IntroductionThe leishmaniases are a complex of diseases caused by kinetoplastid flagellates of the genusLeishmania. Clinical manifestations range from simple self-healing cutaneous lesions (cutaneous leishmaniasis, CL) through metastasizing mucocutaneous forms (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, MCL)to often lethal visceral disease (visceral leishmaniasis, VL). A recent epidemiological study recorded reports of endemic leishmaniasis transmission in a total of 98 countries and 3 territories on 5continents. Furthermore, the global yearly incidence was estimated as 0.2 to 0.4 million cases of VL and 0.7 to 1.2 million of CL, while 12 million people worldwide are currently affected by the disease (Alvar et al., 2012). The genus Leishmania comprises some 35 species of morphologically similar kinetoplastid protozoa, among which 20 species are responsible for human disease. The severity of the clinical manifestation in immunocompetent persons depends on the particular infecting sp...

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“…Finalmente, a mais recente leishmânia enigmática é uma espécie chinesa. Utilizando SSUrRNA, Citocromo B e ITS1 rDNA um grupo de isolados humanos e de cães posicionou-se com L. tarentolae (Cao et al, 2011;Guan et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2010Yang et al, , 2013. Além disso, recentemente foi encontrado DNA do cinetoplasto de L. tarentolae em múmias de Itacambira, Minas Gerais, Brasil, colocando em dúvida o "status" desta espécie de lagarto como não infectante para humanos (Novo et al, 2015).…”

Section: O Número De Espécies Ainda Pouco Conhecidas Descritas No Gênerounclassified

Diversidade, taxonomia e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos da subfamilia Leishmaniinae.

Espinosa¹

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The Leishmaniinae subfamily trypanosomatids include parasites exclusively found in insects, and classified as Crithidia and Leptomonas, and species evolving in vertebrate and insects of genera Endotrypanum and Leishmania. Phylogenetic analysis positioned Crithidia and Leptomonas species in several clades corroborating their polyphyly. In addition, the genus Endotrypanum of trypanosomatids from sloths and sand flies has been questioned due to its relationships with some "enigmatic", Neotropical species of Leishmania (mostly of wildlife). Therefore, Crithidia, Leptomonas and Endotrypanum need to be revised taxonomically. Aiming to understand the phylogenetic relationships of taxons within Leishmaniinae the main goals of this study were: a) to characterize a large number of Leishmaniinae isolates; b) to evaluate the suitability of different molecular markers to assess the relationships among species separated by small genetic distances. With these purposes, large sampling of trypanosomatids from insects (Hemiptera and Diptera) and wild vertebrates from Central America (CA), South America (SA) and Africa (AF) was analyzed by V7V8 SSUrRNA barcoding. All samples assigned to Leishmaniinae were selected for phylogenetic inferences based on SSUrRNA, gGAPDH, CATB, HSP70 and ITS1rDNA, including other sequences available in databanks. Phylogeny of SSUrRNA revealed several groups despite high degrees of sequence conservation inter-and intra-group. In contrast, gGAPDH and CATB gene analyses allowed the positioning of Leishmaniinae species in well-supported clades, with two major clades being evidenced in all analyses: 1) one clade comprised exclusively trypanosomatids of insects distributed in 7 subclades, each corresponding to one genus, including Crithidia, Leptomonas, Legeria (proposed in this work), and four unnamed additional genera. The species within these genera were widespread in a range of insects: Crithidia harbored parasites of flies, mosquitoes and hemipterans from SA and NA (North America); Legeria isolates of flies and hemipterans from AF, CA and SA; and Leptomonas only isolates of hemipterans from AF, CA and SA. 2) The proposed new genus Legeria was closest to the second major clade. The latter harbored Leishmania/Endotrypanum and the basal Costarricensis group comprised by equatorial parasites from hemipteran predators and sand flies, thus supporting the origin of Leishmania from a Neotropical insect trypanosomatid. Diverse isolates of lyzards, including new species from AF (Mozambique), were all nested into the subgenera L. (Sauroleishmania), which was positioned with strong support closer to the subgenus L. (Leishmania) than to Viannia, then supporting that lizard leishmanias diverged in the Old World. The three subgenera were separated from another clade formed by Neotropical isolates of sandflies, sloths and humans classified as Endotrypanum and Leishmania, with L. deanei/L.hertigi of porcupines as basal species. The comprehensive analysis performed in this study regarding the number and diversity of isola...

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Phylogenic analysis of Chinese Leishmania isolates based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and 7 spliced leader RNA (7SL RNA)

Cited by 13 publications

References 97 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of HSP70 and cyt b gene sequences for Chinese Leishmania isolates and ultrastructural characteristics of Chinese Leishmania sp.

Phylogenetic analysis of HSP70 and cyt b gene sequences for Chinese Leishmania isolates and ultrastructural characteristics of Chinese Leishmania sp.

Evolution and species discrimination according to the Leishmania heat-shock protein 20 gene

Diversidade, taxonomia e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos da subfamilia Leishmaniinae.

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