Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic

Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Kosakyan, Anush; Lara, Enrique; Mitchell, Edward A. D.; Morais, Lurdes; Porfírio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Tice, Alexander K.; Pánek, Tomáš; Kang, Seungho; Brown, Matthew W.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.078

Cited by 59 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…These VSMs-and others from comparably aged assemblages ca 789-729 Ma [35,36]-are interpreted as representing the oldest fossil evidence for arcellinid testate amoebae [37,38], which are abundant and diverse in modern freshwater and soil habitats, where they are largely bacterivorous and eukaryovorous [39][40][41]. Therefore, the VSMs themselves-with or without perforations-also serve as evidence for bacterivory and eukaryovory by ca 789 Ma [9,30,33,34,37,38]. The oldest evidence for biologically controlled eukaryotic biomineralization-the ca 810-million-year-old apatitic scale microfossils (ASMs) from the Fifteenmile Group in Yukon, Canada-has also been interpreted as indirect evidence for eukaryovory in the early Neoproterozoic [32,42].…”

Section: The Earliest Evidence For Eukaryotic Predation 21 Palaeontmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Similar perforations are also found in walls of younger organic-walled eukaryotic microfossils (the vase-shaped microfossils, or VSMs) from the 780 to 740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA [30,31], which are also widely interpreted as the direct result of eukaryovory [9,29,[32][33][34]. These VSMs-and others from comparably aged assemblages ca 789-729 Ma [35,36]-are interpreted as representing the oldest fossil evidence for arcellinid testate amoebae [37,38], which are abundant and diverse in modern freshwater and soil habitats, where they are largely bacterivorous and eukaryovorous [39][40][41]. Therefore, the VSMs themselves-with or without perforations-also serve as evidence for bacterivory and eukaryovory by ca 789 Ma [9,30,33,34,37,38].…”

Section: The Earliest Evidence For Eukaryotic Predation 21 Palaeontmentioning

confidence: 68%

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The origin of phagocytosis in Earth history

Mills

2020

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Phagocytosis, or ‘cell eating’, is a eukaryote-specific process where particulate matter is engulfed via invaginations of the plasma membrane. The origin of phagocytosis has been central to discussions on eukaryogenesis for decades, where it is argued as being either a prerequisite for, or consequence of, the acquisition of the ancestral mitochondrion. Recently, genomic and cytological evidence has increasingly supported the view that the pre-mitochondrial host cell—a bona fide archaeon branching within the ‘Asgard’ archaea—was incapable of phagocytosis and used alternative mechanisms to incorporate the alphaproteobacterial ancestor of mitochondria. Indeed, the diversity and variability of proteins associated with phagosomes across the eukaryotic tree suggest that phagocytosis, as seen in a variety of extant eukaryotes, may have evolved independently several times within the eukaryotic crown-group. Since phagocytosis is critical to the functioning of modern marine food webs (without it, there would be no microbial loop or animal life), multiple late origins of phagocytosis could help explain why many of the ecological and evolutionary innovations of the Neoproterozoic Era (e.g. the advent of eukaryotic biomineralization, the ‘Rise of Algae’ and the origin of animals) happened when they did.

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Section: The Earliest Evidence For Eukaryotic Predation 21 Palaeontmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: The Earliest Evidence For Eukaryotic Predation 21 Palaeontmentioning

confidence: 68%

The origin of phagocytosis in Earth history

Mills

2020

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“…An earlier phylogeny of 30 concatenated proteins, calibrated on an estimated divergence between the human and hydra lineages at 750 million years ago (mya), dates the split between the two major branches of Dictyostelia at 600 mya 11 . Many more genomes in both Opisthokonta and Amoebozoa, which together make up the Amorphea 13 have since then become available, as well as fossil dating of testate arcellinid amoebas within Amoebozoa 14,15 . To obtain a more accurate estimate of the divergence time of the two major branches of Dictyostelia, we inferred a novel phylogeny using 240 concatenated proteins across 85 species of Amorphea, and calibrated this phylogeny on fossil dating of www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ divergence between major branches of testate amoebas, Fungi and Metazoa under relaxed molecular clock models (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold climate adaptation is a plausible cause for evolution of multicellular sporulation in Dictyostelia

Lawal

Schilde

Kin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Unicellular protozoa that encyst individually upon starvation evolved at least eight times into organisms that instead form multicellular fruiting bodies with spores. the Dictyostelia are the largest and most complex group of such organisms. They can be subdivided into 4 major groups, with many species in groups 1-3 having additionally retained encystment. To understand fitness differences between spores and cysts, we measured long-term survival of spores and cysts under climatemimicking conditions, investigated spore and cyst ultrastructure, and related fitness characteristics to species ecology. We found that spores and cysts survived 22 °C equally well, but that spores survived wet and dry frost better than cysts, with group 4 spores being most resilient. Spore walls consist of three layers and those of cysts of maximally two, while spores were also more compacted than cysts, with group 4 spores being the most compacted. Group 4 species were frequently isolated from arctic and alpine zones, which was rarely the case for group 1-3 species. We inferred a fossil-calibrated phylogeny of Dictyostelia, which showed that its two major branches diverged 0.52 billion years ago, following several global glaciations. our results suggest that Dictyostelium multicellular sporulation was a likely adaptation to a cold climate.

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“…However, it is far from clear that the two taxa are directly related. First, it has been shown that the genus Hyalosphenia is paraphyletic, as H. papilio and H. elegans are only distantly related (Lahr et al, ; Lara, Heger, Ekelund, Lamentowicz, & Mitchell, ). Furthermore, a rough calculation can rule out the possibility of a very old age for H. papilio .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal limitations and historical factors determine the biogeography of specialized terrestrial protists

et al. 2019

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We would like to dedicate this paper to co-author Richard Payne. Richard was a member of a group of 8 climbers caught in an avalanche in the Himalayas at the end of May. Correspondence AbstractRecent studies show that soil eukaryotic diversity is immense and dominated by micro-organisms. However, it is unclear to what extent the processes that shape the distribution of diversity in plants and animals also apply to micro-organisms. Major diversification events in multicellular organisms have often been attributed to longterm climatic and geological processes, but the impact of such processes on protist diversity has received much less attention as their distribution has often been H I I I J J J J J J J J J K K K

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Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic

Abstract: Highlights d Arcellinida testate amoebae are comprised of seven major lineages d Reconstructed hypothetical ancestral states are congruent with Tonian fossils d Combined analysis of phylogenies and fossils suggest divergence as early as 730 mya

Cited by 59 publications

References 60 publications

The origin of phagocytosis in Earth history

The origin of phagocytosis in Earth history

Cold climate adaptation is a plausible cause for evolution of multicellular sporulation in Dictyostelia

Dispersal limitations and historical factors determine the biogeography of specialized terrestrial protists

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