Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Papaveraceae s. l. (Ranunculales)

Abstract

To explore the taxonomic status, phylogenetic patterns, and character evolution of various groups within Papaveraceae s. l. (Pteridophylloideae, Papaveroideae, Hypecoideae, and Fumarioideae), two data sets were created and analyzed using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and parsimony methods: 1) a Ranunculales data set for 82 genera representing all of the major families within the order using three chloroplast DNA regions (atpB, rbcL, and matK) and nuclear 26S ribosomal DNA, and 2) a Papaveraceae s. l. data set for an expanded sampling of the family (27 genera, 40 species) consisting of chloroplast sequences only. Branch support values on the resulting trees derived from the combined data for both the Ranunculales and Papaveraceae s. l. data sets were comparable among the various ranunculalean families and supported subfamilial recognition of Pteridophylloideae, Papaveroideae, Hypecoideae, and Fumarioideae. Within Papaveraceae s. l., most analyses of both data sets resolved the position of Pteridophyllum as sister to all remaining subfamilies and Hypecoum as sister to Fumarioideae; branch support for these relationships varied from excellent to weak. Within Papaveroideae and Fumarioideae, most taxonomic groups previously proposed were recovered, including a well-supported clade of South African species. Optimization of sixteen key morphological characters on the Bayesian inference tree indicated that some characters (e.g. presence of laticifers and nectaries, floral symmetry, spurred petals, and type of androecium) are highly congruent with the molecular phylogeny. Intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships and character evolution of the various taxa within Papaveraceae s. l. are further discussed.

Phylogenetic relationships of Coreanomecon (Papaveraceae: Chelidonioideae) inferred from seed morphology and nrITS sequence data

“…Glaucium flavum and D. franchetianum were previously excluded from the Chelidonioideae based on the analysis of nuclear DNA markers (Blattner and Kadereit 1999). However, based on chloroplast DNA regions, Hoot et al (1997Hoot et al ( , 2015 suggested that Glaucium and Dicranostigma are well supported as a part of the Chelidonioideae. In our samples, these two species possessed exarillate seeds but the rest of the taxa had arillate seeds.…”

“…However, on the basis of combined molecular and morphological analyses (Hoot et al 1997), and recent phylogeny and character evolution of Papaveraceae s.l. based on chloroplast DNA and nuclear 26S rDNA, Hoot et al (2015) found Glaucium and Dicranostigma to be part of Chelidonioideae in spite of their exarillate seeds. Outgroup taxa were selected on the basis of the analysis of the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA by Blattner and Kadereit (1999).…”

Do latex and resin canals spur plant diversification? Re‐examining a classic example of escape and radiate coevolution

“…Both groups showed patterns consistent with escape‐and‐radiate evolution in the sister comparisons – that is, greater species richness in canal‐bearing clades (Table ) – providing good candidate groups to test for linked evaluate the putative relationship between diversification and trait evolution. Defensive traits are also well documented for both of these groups: laticifers across Papaveraceae (Hoot, Wefferling, & Wulff, ) and laticifers and resin canals across Araceae (Cusimano et al, ; French, , ).…”

Dated phylogeography of western North American subalpine marshmarigolds (Caltha spp., Ranunculaceae): Miocene–Pliocene divergence of hexaploids, multiple origins of allododecaploids during the Pleistocene, and repeated recolonization of Last Glacial Maximum glaciated regions

“…Molecular data for 11 taxa (obtained from GenBank) were added to the dataset of Hoot, Wefferling, and Wulff (2015) for a total of 98 taxa at four loci: three chloroplast (cpDNA) loci (atpB, matK and rbcL) and one nuclear ribosomal region (26S ; Table S1.1 and Appendix S1.3).…”