Phylogeny and differentiation of species of the genus Gluconacetobacter and related taxa based on multilocus sequence analyses of housekeeping genes and reclassification of Acetobacter xylinus subsp. sucrofermentans as Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans (Toyosaki et al. 1996) sp. nov., comb. nov.

Abstract

Three housekeeping genes (dnaK, groEL and rpoB) of strains belonging to the genus Gluconacetobacter (37 strains) or related taxa (38 strains) were sequenced. Reference strains of the 15 species of the genus Gluconacetobacter were included. Phylogenetic trees generated using these gene sequences confirmed the existence of two phylogenetic groups within the genus Gluconacetobacter. These groups clustered separately in trees constructed using concatenated sequences of the three genes, indicating that the genus Gluconacetobacter should not remain a single genus and should be split, as suggested previously. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the three housekeeping genes also proved useful for species differentiation in the family Acetobacteraceae. It also suggested that Gluconacetobacter xylinus LMG 18788, better known as the type and only strain of Acetobacter xylinus subsp. sucrofermentans, represents a distinct species in the genus Gluconacetobacter, and is not a true G. xylinus strain. In previous studies, this strain showed less than 70 % DNA relatedness to the type strains of G. xylinus and Gluconacetobacter nataicola, the phylogenetically nearest relatives, and could be distinguished from them phenotypically. Additionally, AFLP and (GTG)5-PCR DNA fingerprinting data supported its reclassification within a distinct species. The name Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans (Toyosaki et al. 1996) sp. nov., comb. nov. is proposed.

Description of Komagataeibacter gen. nov., with proposals of new combinations (Acetobacteraceae)

“…The description of the species is identical with that given for the new genus and that given by Toyosaki et al (1995) and Cleenwerck et al (2010 Yoshinaga, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.…”

“…The former was plant-associated, but the latter was not necessarily plant-associated (Yamada and Yukphan 2008;Yamada et al, 2012). Cleenwerck et al (2010) recognized that the genus Gluconacetobacter should not remain as a single genus on the basis of multilocus sequence analyses of the three housekeeping genes of dnaK, groEL and rpoB, as already suggested by Yamada and Yukphan (2008). However, they stated that some of phenotypic features were of little use for the differentiation of acetic acid bacteria and that for this reason other differentiating features should be looked for before splitting the genus.…”

Acetic Acid Bacteria: Physiology and Carbon Sources Oxidation

“…differentiation [29]; whereas protein-coding genes, such as those involved in the metabolism of AcOH, have been applied to investigate phylogenetic relationships among Acetobacter, Gluconacetobacter and Gluconobacter genera [30]. Since multigene analysis can resolve ambiguities in phylogenetic reconstructions when a single gene is not enough, it is expected that the availability of more complete genome sequences will increase the application of these approaches.…”

Gluconacetobacter kakiaceti sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium isolated from a traditional Japanese fruit vinegar

“…nov. G5-1 T ; 2, Gluconacetobacter kakiaceti sp. nov. I5-1; 3, G. liquefaciens (Franke et al, 1999;Sievers & Swings, 2005); 4, G. europaeus (Sokollek et al, 1998;Lisdiyanti et al, 2006); 5, G. intermedius (Boesch et al, 1998); 6, G. nataicola (Lisdiyanti et al, 2006); 7, G. oboediens (Sokollek et al, 1998;Lisdiyanti et al, 2006); 8, G. rhaeticus (Dellaglio et al, 2005); 9, G. saccharivorans (Lisdiyanti et al, 2006); 10, G. sucrofermentans (Cleenwerck et al, 2010;Toyosaki et al, 1995); 11, G. swingsii (Dellaglio et al, 2005); 12, G. xylinus (Sievers et al, 1992;Lisdiyanti et al, 2006). +, Positive; V, variable; 2, negative; ND, no data available.…”