Phylogeny and evolutionary history of diplobathrid crinoids (Echinodermata)

Abstract

Order Diplobathrida is a major clade of camerate crinoids spanning the Ordovician–Mississippian, yet phylogenetic relationships have only been inferred for Ordovician taxa. This has hampered efforts to construct a comprehensive tree of life for crinoids and develop a classification scheme that adequately reflects diplobathrid evolutionary history. Here, I apply maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic approaches to the fossil record of diplobathrids to infer the largest tree of fossil crinoids to date, with over 100 genera included. Recovered trees provide a framework for evaluating the current classification of diplobathrids. Notably, previous suborder divisions are not supported, and superfamily divisions will require significant modification. Although numerous revisions are required for families, most can be retained through reassignment of genera. In addition, recovered trees were used to produce phylogeny‐based estimates of diplobathrid lineage diversity. By accounting for ghost lineages, phylogeny‐based richness estimates offer greater insight into diversification and extinction dynamics than traditional taxonomy‐based approaches alone and provide a detailed summary of the ~150 million‐year evolutionary history of Diplobathrida. This study constitutes a major step toward producing a phylogeny of the Crinoidea and documenting crinoid diversity dynamics. In addition, it will serve as a framework for subsequent phylogeny‐based investigations of macroevolutionary questions.

Estimating dispersal and evolutionary dynamics in diploporan blastozoans (Echinodermata) across the great Ordovician biodiversification event

“…We suggest additional analyses of blastozoan diversity and endemism at the species level be conducted before trying to further explore patterns and drivers of blastozoan speciation across the GOBE interval. Other echinoderm studies indicate that members of this large and diverse group did obtain increased richness and diversity during the GOBE (e.g., Wright and Toom 2017;Cole 2019), hinting that the blastozoans may have followed a similar trend.…”

Uncovering the hidden diversity of Mississippian crinoids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from Poland

“…The classification used herein follows the phylogeny-based revision of crinoid higher taxa by Ausich et al (2015) , Wright (2017a) , Wright (2017b) , Wright et al (2017) , Cole (2017) and Cole (2018) . Morphological terminology follows Ubaghs (1978a) , with modifications from Webster (1974) , for nodal and internodal terminology), Webster & Maples (2008) , Fig.…”

Phylogeny and biogeography of some Cretaceous spatangoid echinoids with special emphasis on taxa from the Western Interior Seaway

“…The analysis ran for 10 million generations and sampled every 1,000 generations. The posterior probability values for nodes retrieved in the analysis were then compared with those in the parsimony tree (see Cole, 2019). Note that there has been extensive discussion about whether a Bayesian or a parsimony approach is better justified for the analysis of morphological character data, and consideration of this topic goes substantially beyond the scope of this contribution.…”