Phylogeny, Global Biogeography and Pleomorphism of Zanclospora

Abstract

Zanclospora (Chaetosphaeriaceae) is a neglected, phialidic dematiaceous hyphomycete with striking phenotypic heterogeneity among its species. Little is known about its global biogeography due to its extreme scarcity and lack of records verified by molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci, supported by phenotypic data, revealed Zanclospora as highly polyphyletic, with species distributed among three distantly related lineages in Sordariomycetes. Zanclospora is a pleomorphic genus with multiple anamorphic stages, of which phaeostalagmus-like and stanjehughesia-like are newly discovered. The associated teleomorphs were previously classified in Chaetosphaeria. The generic concept is emended, and 17 species are accepted, 12 of which have been verified with DNA sequence data. Zanclospora thrives on decaying plant matter, but it also occurs in soil or as root endophytes. Its global diversity is inferred from metabarcoding data and published records based on field observations. Phylogenies of the environmental ITS1 and ITS2 sequences derived from soil, dead wood and root samples revealed seven and 15 phylotypes. The field records verified by DNA data indicate two main diversity centres in Australasia and Caribbean/Central America. In addition, environmental ITS data have shown that Southeast Asia represents a third hotspot of Zanclospora diversity. Our data confirm that Zanclospora is a rare genus.

Phylogenetic placement of Iodosphaeriaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota), designation of an epitype for the type species of Iodosphaeria, I. phyllophila, and description of I. foliicola sp. nov.

“…The selenosporella-like morphotype appears polyphyletic in the Ascomycota . The genus Selenosporella ( Arnaud 1953 , MacGarvie 1968 ), typified with S. curvispora , was confirmed with molecular data to belong to the Helminthosphaeriaceae ( Réblová et al 2021 ). The family is rich in selenosporella-like asexual morphs and synasexual morphs, which have been linked with Endophragmiella , Echinosphaeria, Hilberina and Ruzenia ( Awao & Udagawa 1974 , Matsushima 1975 , Hughes 1979 , Sivanesan 1983, Gams 1973 , Miller & Huhndorf 2004).…”

“…The ITS-LSU region was sequenced for I. phyllophila , I. ripogoni and the new species ( Table 1 ) and ML and BI analyses were performed on ITS-LSU and ITS-LSU- rpb2 - tef1-α datasets of 90 representatives of the Xylariales modified from Réblová et al (2021) . Outgroup taxa were Bactrodesmium abruptum and B. diversum ( Savoryellaceae ) and Helicoascotaiwania lacustris and Pleurotheciella erumpens ( Pleurotheciaceae ).…”

“…The ITS-LSU for newly sequenced taxa was added to the combined ITS-LSU- rpb2 - tef1-α alignment from Réblová et al (2021) . The two protein-coding genes were kept in the analyses to provide backbone support for higher level taxa.…”

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia

“…1800 base pairs at the 5′-end) were analysed. Isolates, their sources and GenBank accession numbers of sequences generated in this study and those retrieved from GenBank and published in other studies ( Réblová and Winka 2000 , 2001 ; Fernández et al 2006 ; Somrithipol et al 2008 ; Shenoy et al 2010 ; Magyar et al 2011 ; Crous et al 2012 ; Hashimoto et al 2015 ; Hernández-Restrepo et al 2016 , 2017 ; Liu et al 2016 ; Lu et al 2016 ; Ma et al 2016 ; Yang et al 2018 ; Lin et al 2019 ; Luo et al 2019 ; Vu et al 2019 ; Réblová et al 2020 , 2021a , b ) are listed in the Suppl. material 1 : Table S1.…”

Reflections on Menisporopsis, Multiguttulispora and Tainosphaeria Using Molecular and Morphological Data

“…The ITS and 28S rDNA sequences of the strain of C. dimorpha NBRC 33230 were retrieved from the NBRC online catalogue [30]. GenBank accession numbers for sequences retrieved from GenBank [31] and published in other studies [2,15,18,20,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] are listed in the supplementary file: Table S1.…”