Phylogeny in<i>Echinocereus</i>(Cactaceae) based on combined morphological and molecular evidence: taxonomic implications

Sánchez, Daniel; Terrazas, Teresa; Grego-Valencia, Dalia; Arias, Salvador

doi:10.1080/14772000.2017.1343260

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…[ ][ ] Therefore, analyzing and comparing the chemical composition of the non‐fibrous woods in which WBTs predominate are relevant. In Mexico, non‐fibrous woods are well represented in the genera of the Cacteae tribe [ ][ ] and in the genus Echinocereus , which is relevant because Echinocereus is a monophyletic genus and differs from the other genera of the Echinocereeae tribe that have fibrous wood …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Chemical Composition of Cacti Wood and Comparison with the Wood of Other Taxonomic Groups

Maceda

Soto-Hernández

Peña-Valdivia

et al. 2018

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The aims of this study were to determine the wood chemical composition of 25 species of Cactaceae and to relate the composition to their anatomical diversity. The hypothesis was that wood chemical components differ in relationship to their wood features. The results showed significant differences in wood chemical compounds across species and genera (P < 0.05). Pereskia had the highest percentage of lignin, whereas species of Coryphantha had the lowest; extractive compounds in water were highest for Echinocereus, Mammillaria, and Opuntia. Principal component analysis showed that lignin proportion separated the fibrous, dimorphic, and non-fibrous groups; additionally, the differences within each type of wood occurred because of the lignification of the vascular tissue and the type of wall thickening. Compared with other groups of species, the Cactaceae species with fibrous and dimorphic wood had a higher lignin percentage than did gymnosperms and Acer species. Lignin may confer special rigidity to tracheary elements to withstand desiccation without damage during adverse climatic conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Echinocereus is part of the tribe of Echinocereeae in which most genera of North American columnar species with fibrous wood are classified. However, in Echinocereus , WBTs predominate, showing groups of F close to the vascular cambium only in a few species …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Cacti Wood and Comparison with the Wood of Other Taxonomic Groups

Maceda

Soto-Hernández

Peña-Valdivia

et al. 2018

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…La presencia de taninos en la epidermis en los tépalos fue observada en E. stramineus, pero estos taninos no están en la epidermis de los tépalos de E. coccineus. La epidermis taninífera se ha registrado en los miembros de la sección Costati de Echinocereus y es uno de los caracteres que apoya la monofilia de esta sección (Sánchez et al 2018); además se han registrado en Escontria chiotilla, Myrtillocactus geometrizans y Polaskia chichipe, especies de Echinocereeae (Fuentes-Pérez 2004).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Las diferencias entre las propuestas taxonómicas existentes son resultado de la carencia de estudios comparativos que describan minuciosamente la morfología y la variación de las especies (Sánchez 2015); así como la evolución convergente de las características morfológicas, que ha generado la agrupación de especies parecidas solo superficialmente (Taylor 1985, Sánchez et al 2019. La monofilia del género Echinocereus y la de sus secciones se ha sustentado recientemente (Sánchez et al 2018). Se seleccionó a E. stramineus y E. coccineus por coexistir y tener abundantes poblaciones en la región de estudio (Sierra de Juárez, Chihuahua); así como pertenecer a dos secciones del género, Costati y Triglochidiati, respectivamente (Sánchez et al 2019).…”

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Desarrollo y anatomía floral de dos especies de Echinocereus de la Sierra de Juárez, Chihuahua, México

et al. 2020

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Antecedentes: La investigación sobre la ontogenia floral en cactáceas es escasa; ésta es fundamental para conocer la identidad de los órganos florales e identificar caracteres taxonómicos valiosos. En esta investigación se analizó y comparó el desarrollo floral de dos especies de Echinocereus. Hipótesis: El desarrollo de los verticilos florales de las dos especies de Echinocereus será en orden centrípeto. Especies de estudio: Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) F. Seitz, 1870 (Sección Costati) y E. coccineus Engelm., 1848 (Sección Triglochidiati). Sitio de estudio: Sierra de Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, año 2019. Métodos: Se recolectaron yemas, botones florales y flores en antesis y se procesaron por medio de técnicas de microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Resultados: Se establecieron ocho etapas del desarrollo floral, desde la organogénesis temprana hasta la antesis. Las yemas florales son errumpentes. La organogénesis es centrípeta en el siguiente orden: tépalos externos, tépalos internos, estambres y carpelos. La diferenciación de los estambres es centrífuga, con particularidades en cada especie. Los carpelos muestran fusión congénita, desarrollando un gineceo sincárpico, unilocular y con placentación parietal. La porción apical de los carpelos forma los lóbulos del estigma (8-12). Se observó constantemente la bifurcación de uno de los lóbulos del estigma en ambas especies. Conclusiones: El lóbulo estigmático bifurcado podría tener valor taxonómico, pero deberá ser evaluado posteriormente en estudios comparativos que incluyan otras especies de Echinocereus. Esta investigación permitió comprender como se forma cada órgano floral y detectar caracteres con importancia taxonómica como la epidermis taninífera de los tépalos y el grosor de la columna.

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“…Likewise, the use of combined molecular and morphological datasets has shown its utility in detecting phylogenetic relationships not recovered in separated analyses (Nixon and Carpenter 1996). Recently, Sánchez et al (2017), performing a combined analyses of morphological and molecular data resolved the phylogenetic relationships of some taxa in Echinocereus Engelm. (Cactaceae) that were not resolved in previous phylogenetic analyses conducted only with molecular evidence (Sánchez et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splitting Echinocactus: morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of Homalocephala as a distinct genus in the Cacteae

Vargas-Luna

Hernández‐Ledesma

Majure

et al. 2018

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Molecular phylogenetic studies of the six currently accepted species in the genus Echinocactus have partially clarified certain aspects of its phylogeny. Most of the studies lack a complete sampling of Echinocactus and are based only in one source of data. Phylogenetic uncertainties in Echinocactus, such as the recognition of Homalocephala as a different genus from Echinocactus, the exclusion of E.grusonii or the affinities of E.polycephalus, are here resolved. Phylogenetic relationships of Echinocactus were reconstructed with a maximum parsimony, a maximum likelihood and a Bayesian approach including 42 morphological characters, four chloroplast markers (atpB-rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF and trnK/matK) and two nuclear genes. The utility of these two nuclear regions related to the betalain cycles (DODA and 5GT) are explored and discussed in relation to their potential as phylogenetic markers. Concatenated analyses with morphological and molecular data sets, plus 13 indels (2847 characters and 26 taxa), show general agreement with previous independent phylogenetic proposals but with strong support in order to propose the recognition of a reduced Echinocactus and the recognition of Homalocephala at the generic level. These results recovered a polyphyletic Echinocactus as currently defined. The here-named HEA clade, recovers the species of Homalocephala, Echinocacuts and Astrophytum as a monophyletic group with strong internal support. The Homalocephala (H.texensis, H.parryi and H.polycephala), was recovered as sister to the Echinocactus clade (E.platyacanthus and E.horizonthalonius), plus the Astrophytum clade. Consequently, we propose here to recognise a monophyletic Echinocactus and a monophyletic Homalocephala as two distinct genera with their own molecular and morphological synapomorphies. The evolution of some morphological characters supporting these clades are discussed, the necessary new taxonomic combinations for Homalocephala are proposed and an identification key for the genera, the species and the subspecies of the HEA clade are presented.

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Phylogeny inEchinocereus(Cactaceae) based on combined morphological and molecular evidence: taxonomic implications

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Chemical Composition of Cacti Wood and Comparison with the Wood of Other Taxonomic Groups

Chemical Composition of Cacti Wood and Comparison with the Wood of Other Taxonomic Groups

Desarrollo y anatomía floral de dos especies de Echinocereus de la Sierra de Juárez, Chihuahua, México

Splitting Echinocactus: morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of Homalocephala as a distinct genus in the Cacteae

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