Phylogeny in the Service of Ecological Restoration

Hipp, Andrew L.; Larkin, Daniel J.; Barak, Rebecca S.; Bowles, Marlin L.; Cadotte, Marc W.; Jacobi, Sarah K.; Lonsdorf, Eric V.; Scharenbroch, Bryant C.; Williams, Evelyn W.; Weiher, Evan

doi:10.3732/ajb.1500119

Cited by 63 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…), leading to predictions that PD could be a useful tool in restoration management to mitigate the negative effects of invasive exotics (Hipp et al . ). We tested whether a more phylogenetically diverse seed mixture led to communities with fewer problematic exotic species, but we found no effects on the richness or prevalence of these invaders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ecologists will need to develop a robust predictive framework to identify species that are more or less susceptible to exclusion (Hipp et al . ). Recent advances in coexistence theory may help to identify the trait combinations that lead to competitive exclusion or coexistence (Godoy, Kraft & Levine ; Kraft, Godoy & Levine ; Kraft et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There are calls for PD to become an important consideration in ecosystem conservation (Winter, Devictor & Schweiger ; Hipp et al . ; Shooner, Chisholm & Davies ). In a similar vein, a major goal for restoration ecologists should be to enlist phylogenetic and functional diversity to restore ecosystem function in real‐world settings, scaling up from the carefully controlled plot experiments that have been performed in the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If PD or its perceived benefits are stated goals for restoration activities, then planting a species assemblage with greater PD could be a strategy for restoration practitioners to employ (Hipp et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Phylogenetic diversity is maintained despite richness losses over time in restored tallgrass prairie plant communities

Barber

Jones

Duvall

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary Ecosystem restoration is an important tool for mitigating biodiversity loss and recovering critical ecosystem services to humanity, but restoration rarely takes into account the evolutionary attributes of the community being restored. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) represents a potentially valuable measure of restoration success because it can correlate with functional trait diversity that drives ecosystem function. However, PD patterns in restored communities are rarely assessed. We surveyed plant communities in restored tallgrass prairies 2–19 years old and calculated two PD measures, SESMNTD and SESMPD, of the communities and seed mixture applied to sites. We also identified high‐threat exotic species present in each site to determine whether PD of the seed mixture applied was related to resistance against invasion. We show that PD in North American tallgrass prairie restorations, as measured by both SESMNTD and SESMPD, is maintained over time even as richness declines. Neither the resulting community PD nor invasion by high‐threat exotic species was affected by PD of the seed mixture used in site restoration. Thus, simply maximizing PD of seed mixtures without considering the particular component species is unlikely to help achieve restoration goals. Synthesis and applications. These results suggest that species losses over time are not biased towards species with or without close relatives in the community. If phylogenetic diversity (PD) reflects functional trait diversity in communities, then local declines in species richness may not necessarily mean the loss of ecosystem function in restoration projects. However, PD of restored communities may be limited by low establishment rates for most species. Conservation practitioners should consider PD with careful planning to maintain overall community diversity and potentially maximize ecosystem function and services in restorations. This perspective will require a deeper understanding of the relationships between phylogenetic relatedness and traits associated with competition and fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phylogenetic diversity is maintained despite richness losses over time in restored tallgrass prairie plant communities

Barber

Jones

Duvall

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Phylogenetic approaches have been applied very rarely to understanding reforestation methods (but see Hipp et al (2015) and ) and studies of reforestation have focused more on positive biotic interactions, such as facilitation that can initiate successional development . found that regeneration niches are conserved across evolutionary time, and they argue that positive interactions occur between phylogenetically distant species and that facilitation can lead to phylogenetic overdispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding tropical biodiversity to improve reforestation outcomes: examples from the Philippines and Northern Australia

Wills¹

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Tropical regions such as the Philippines and the Wet Tropics (WTs) bioregion of Northern Australia have seen dramatic declines in forest cover, primarily since respective Spanish, American and English colonization events. This has led to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem services, both of which support the livelihoods of a vast number of people. For example, drastic declines in forest cover in the Philippines and Northern Australia have seen large reductions in timber resources. In view of this, different reforestation types, including the management of 'secondary forest' regeneration, are being applied across the tropics in order to mitigate biodiversity loss and contribute to ecosystem services including timber production and biodiversity enhancement. To date, the ecology of these novel forests within the study regions have not been thoroughly investigated, from either conservation or a socio-economic perspectives.This research applies functional and phylogenetic approaches to gain insights into complex ecological processes such as regeneration and growth dynamics within different forest types. The forest types studied were established as small-scale community-based plantations located on the Island of Leyte in the Philippines, and included monocultures of Swietenia macrophylla King (mahogany), one of the most valuable timber species in the tropics; and mixed-species plantations established as a reforestation system called 'Rainforestation Farming' (here after, Rainforestation).Naturally regenerating selectively logged native forest located within Leyte and the WTs Bioregion was also included in this study.Within the Philippines, species, functional and phylogenetic diversity of understorey recruitment beneath the different forest types were compared and contrasted, in order to identify species or groups that were favoured or limited, and to compare community assembly processes. Within the WTs bioregion, I utilized a unique historical dataset, to investigate if leaf functional traits, such as Specific Leaf Area (SLA) or leaf nutrient contents, obtained from regenerating selectively logged forest trees, can be used to predict tree growth over time and how this relationship may vary depending on the position in the canopy. An improved understanding of the influence of these leaf traits could help to inform practitioners' design of reforestation projects.Understorey recruitment, including species, functional and phylogenetic diversity, was influenced by the reforestation type in the Philippines. Generally, monocultures had the lowest diversity and regenerating selectively logged forest the highest, with the Rainforestation showing intermediate understorey diversity. Species within the Moraceae family were common across all forest types and wind-dispersed emergent-tree species were absent within the monoculture forest types. These trees represent a limited group of species, and their absence has consequences for future ecosystem function. Using phylogenetic relatedness and leaf traits, seedling commun...

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Phylogenetic distance controls plant growth during early restoration of a semi‐arid riparian forest

Teixeira

Mazzochini

Kollmann

et al. 2022

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Little attention has been paid to phylogenetic diversity during restoration initiatives. Because plant phylogenetic distance can be a surrogate for functional diversity, its consideration could foster the restoration of degraded areas.2. This study investigates the influence of species richness and phylogenetic relatedness during early restoration of a riparian forest located between the Atlantic Forest and semi-arid ecosystems in NE Brazil. The restoration experiment was established along a perennial stream in Monte Alegre, RN, investigating the significance of species richness and phylogenetic diversity for sapling survival and growth of the restored communities.3. We used phylogenetic information on 47 tree species naturally occurring at the study site. The resulting phylogenetic tree had a basal node with three major clades. To implement the experiment, three species from each clade were randomly selected, resulting in nine species (from five families). We defined five levels of diversity: (i) no planting, (ii) monoculture, (iii) three phylogenetically related species (same clade), (iv) three phylogenetically distant species (different clades) and (v) nine species. The experiment consisted of 96 (12 m × 10 m) plots established along the two margins of the stream. Overall, 1656 saplings (20-50 cm) were planted in September 2015 (184 per species). We tested whether the survival and growth of saplings are influenced by the number of species planted and phylogenetic distance among them. 4. We assessed plant mortality and growth during two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Survival was lower but relative growth was higher for plants near the stream. After controlling for differences in initial size, plots with phylogenetically distant species produced significantly taller plants, but only when occurring near the stream. Diversity treatments did not influence plant survival, while initial size determined plant survival and growth. 5. Our findings show that greater phylogenetic distance led to increased plant growth, probably, because of the presence of functionally divergent species thatThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Phylogeny in the Service of Ecological Restoration

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

Phylogenetic diversity is maintained despite richness losses over time in restored tallgrass prairie plant communities

Phylogenetic diversity is maintained despite richness losses over time in restored tallgrass prairie plant communities

Understanding tropical biodiversity to improve reforestation outcomes: examples from the Philippines and Northern Australia

Phylogenetic distance controls plant growth during early restoration of a semi‐arid riparian forest

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