Phylogeny of Cirsium spp. in North America: Host Specificity Does Not Follow Phylogeny

Slotta, Tracey A. Bodo; Horvath, David P.; Foley, Michael

doi:10.3390/plants1020061

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These data indicate that specialization of Cassida on C. arvense has likely arisen through a combination of the beetle tracking phylogenetically conserved traits and responding to plant resistance characters that impose selection pressures for or against host utilization. This is in contrast to the conclusion reached by Slotta et al (2012) who suggested that specialized herbivores on Cirsium and Carduus species do not follow a phylogenetic pattern, and that phylogeny does not predict host specificity. However, it should be noted that their conclusion was based only on literature records of known host associations and therefore the insect–plant associations for the bulk of species in their phylogeny are uncertain.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Specialization of Cassida rubiginosa on Cirsium arvense (Compositae, Cardueae)

et al. 2016

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The majority of herbivorous insects are specialized feeders restricted to a plant family, genus, or species. The evolution of specialized insect–plant interactions is generally considered to be a result of trade-offs in fitness between possible hosts. Through the course of natural selection, host plants that maximize insect fitness should result in optimal, specialized, insect–plant associations. However, the extent to which insects are tracking plant phylogeny or key plant traits that act as herbivore resistance or acceptance characters is uncertain. Thus, with regard to the evolution of host plant specialization, we tested if insect performance is explained by phylogenetic relatedness of potential host plants, or key plant traits that are not phylogenetically related. We tested the survival (naive first instar to adult) of the oligophagous leaf-feeding beetle, Cassida rubiginosa, on 16 selected representatives of the Cardueae tribe (thistles and knapweeds), including some of the worst weeds in temperate grasslands of the world in terms of the economic impacts caused by lost productivity. Leaf traits (specific leaf area, leaf pubescence, flavonoid concentration, carbon and nitrogen content) were measured as explanatory variables and tested in relation to survival of the beetle, and the phylogenetic signal of the traits were examined. The survival of C. rubiginosa decreased with increasing phylogenetic distance from the known primary host plant, C. arvense, suggesting that specialization is a conserved character, and that insect host range, to a large degree is constrained by evolutionary history. The only trait measured that clearly offered some explanatory value for the survival of C. rubiginosa was specific leaf area. This trait was not phylogenetically dependant, and when combined with phylogenetic distance from C. arvense gave the best model explaining C. rubiginosa survival. We conclude that the specialization of the beetle is explained by a combination of adaptation to an optimal host plant over evolutionary time, and key plant traits such as specific leaf area that can restrict or broaden host utilization within the Cardueae lineage. The phylogenetic pattern of C. rubiginosa fitness will aid in predicting the ability of this biocontrol agent to control multiple Cardueae weeds.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Specialization of Cassida rubiginosa on Cirsium arvense (Compositae, Cardueae)

et al. 2016

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“…Finally, OTUs initially assigned to the NCBI species-level taxon “Helianthus sp. DH-2012” [ 62 ], which based on BLAST results appears related to other North Dakota Helianthus such as H . petiolaris , were re-assigned to the genus Helianthus .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Characterization of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Pollen Foraging Based on Non-Overlapping Paired-End Sequencing of Nuclear Ribosomal Loci

et al. 2015

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Identifying plant taxa that honey bees (Apis mellifera) forage upon is of great apicultural interest, but traditional methods are labor intensive and may lack resolution. Here we evaluate a high-throughput genetic barcoding approach to characterize trap-collected pollen from multiple North Dakota apiaries across multiple years. We used the Illumina MiSeq platform to generate sequence scaffolds from non-overlapping 300-bp paired-end sequencing reads of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Full-length sequence scaffolds represented ~530 bp of ITS sequence after adapter trimming, drawn from the 5’ of ITS1 and the 3’ of ITS2, while skipping the uninformative 5.8S region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were picked from scaffolds clustered at 97% identity, searched by BLAST against the nt database, and given taxonomic assignments using the paired-read lowest common ancestor approach. Taxonomic assignments and quantitative patterns were consistent with known plant distributions, phenology, and observational reports of pollen foraging, but revealed an unexpected contribution from non-crop graminoids and wetland plants. The mean number of plant species assignments per sample was 23.0 (+/- 5.5) and the mean species diversity (effective number of equally abundant species) was 3.3 (+/- 1.2). Bray-Curtis similarities showed good agreement among samples from the same apiary and sampling date. Rarefaction plots indicated that fewer than 50,000 reads are typically needed to characterize pollen samples of this complexity. Our results show that a pre-compiled, curated reference database is not essential for genus-level assignments, but species-level assignments are hindered by database gaps, reference length variation, and probable errors in the taxonomic assignment, requiring post-hoc evaluation. Although the effective per-sample yield achieved using custom MiSeq amplicon primers was less than the machine maximum, primarily due to lower “read2” quality, further protocol optimization and/or a modest reduction in multiplex scale should offset this difficulty. As small quantities of pollen are sufficient for amplification, our approach might be extendable to other questions or species for which large pollen samples are not available.

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“…Current species of Cirsium have been classified into at least 16 different genera, and its delimitation is still controversial, leading to multiple reclassifications of many Carduinae into different genera [15,[17][18][19][20]. These delimitation difficulties are confounded by (1) low phylogenetic resolution in previous studies based on nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers (ETS and ITS), a few low-copy nuclear genes and plastid regions [17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]; (2) morphological convergence in response to similar environmental conditions [26,27]; and (3) hybridization as a recurrent mechanism of speciation within the tribe Cardueae [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Mountain Thistles: Three New Genera in the Carduus-Cirsium Group

Moreyra,

Garcia-Jacas,

Roquet

et al. 2023

Plants

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The floras on the highest mountains in tropical eastern Africa are among the most unique floras in the world. Despite the exceptionally high concentration of endemic species, these floras remain understudied from an evolutionary point of view. In this study, we focus on the Carduus-Cirsium group (subtribe Carduinae) to unravel the evolutionary relationships of the species endemic to the tropical Afromontane and Afroalpine floras, aiming to improve the systematics of the group. We applied the Hyb-Seq approach using the Compositae1061 probe set on 190 samples (159 species), encompassing representatives of all genera of Carduinae. We used two recently developed pipelines that enabled the processing of raw sequence reads, identification of paralogous sequences and segregation into orthologous alignments. After the implementation of a missing data filter, we retained sequences from 986 nuclear loci and 177 plastid regions. Phylogenomic analyses were conducted using both concatenated and summary-coalescence methods. The resulting phylogenies were highly resolved and revealed three distinct evolutionary lineages consisting of the African species traditionally referred to as Carduus and Cirsium. Consequently, we propose the three new genera Afrocarduus, Afrocirsium and Nuriaea; the latter did notably not belong to the Carduus-Cirsium group. We detected some incongruences between the phylogenies based on concatenation vs. coalescence and on nuclear vs. plastid datasets, likely attributable to incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization.

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Phylogeny of Cirsium spp. in North America: Host Specificity Does Not Follow Phylogeny

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Evolution of Specialization of Cassida rubiginosa on Cirsium arvense (Compositae, Cardueae)

Evolution of Specialization of Cassida rubiginosa on Cirsium arvense (Compositae, Cardueae)

Taxonomic Characterization of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Pollen Foraging Based on Non-Overlapping Paired-End Sequencing of Nuclear Ribosomal Loci

African Mountain Thistles: Three New Genera in the Carduus-Cirsium Group

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