Phylogeny of &lt;I&gt;Carex&lt;/I&gt; subg. &lt;I&gt;Vignea&lt;/I&gt; (Cyperaceae) Based on Non-coding nrDNA Sequence Data

Ford, Bruce A.; Iranpour, Mahmood; Naczi, Robert F. C.; Starr, Julian R.; Jerome, Cheryl A.

doi:10.1600/036364406775971813

Cited by 36 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Glareosae and Stellulatae are suitable outgroups because other studies have placed members of these sections in clades sister to or earlier derived than members of sect. Deweyanae (Yelton & Naczi, 2001;Hendrichs et al, 2004a;Starr et al, 2004;Ford et al, 2006). In order to increase the likelihood of identifying the correct section for C. laeviculmis, I included the type species of sects.…”

Section: Character Selection and Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such errors would be especially serious if few characters are available for phylogenetic inference. Third, existing infrageneric groups in large genera (e.g., Carex L., Cyperus L.) are poorly resolved and often not monophyletic (Crins, 1990;Reznicek, 1990;Ford et al, 2006). Fourth, selecting appropriate outgroups for character state polarization is hampered by the lack of understanding of infrafamilial phylogenetic relationships (Thomas, 1984;Crins, 1990;Yen & Olmstead, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights on Using Morphologic Data for Phylogenetic Analysis in Sedges (Cyperaceae)

Naczi

2009

Bot. Rev

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Sedges are often viewed as difficult subjects for morphology-based phylogenetic analysis, due to several difficulties, including finding an adequate number of characters to yield well-resolved and well-supported trees, correctly assessing homology of characters and character states, and selecting appropriate outgroups for character state polarizations. The published literature holds only 11 papers with morphology-based phylogenetic analyses of sedges. This paper reviews those studies, and presents the phylogeny of two groups of sedges: (1) Carex section Deweyanae, and (2) Carex sections Careyanae, Granulares, and Griseae. This paper also presents recommendations for using morphologic data to reconstruct sedge phylogenies, based on comparisons of the trees resulting from the present study with the previous sedge studies and with similar studies of phylogeny of other groups of flowering plants. In the two groups of Carex examined, morphology does provide sufficient characters to infer well-resolved trees, with some nodes having good to strong support at levels consistent with those found in morphology-based analyses of other groups of flowering plants. The inclusion of micromorphologic and anatomic characters substantially enhances the resolving power of macromorphologic characters in sedge analyses, and increases the support for some clades.

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Section: Character Selection and Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on Using Morphologic Data for Phylogenetic Analysis in Sedges (Cyperaceae)

Naczi

2009

Bot. Rev

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“…; Goetghebeur, 1998), extensive aneuploidy (n=6-56; Davies, 1956), varied habitats (prairies to rain forests) and diverse biogeographic patterns (e.g., Gondwanan, Amphiatlantic, Bipolar; Raymond, 1951;Croizat, 1952). The tribe is also notable because it is clearly monophyletic (Muasya et al, 1998(Muasya et al, , 2000Starr et al, 2006) and easily separated from all other Cyperaceae by naked unisexual flowers where the female is surrounded by a sac-like prophyll known as a utricle or perigynium (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Evolution in Cariceae (Cyperaceae): Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Starr

Ford

2008

Bot. Rev

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The goal of this study was to review the impact of DNA sequence analyses on our understanding of Cariceae phylogeny, classification and evolution. To explore character evolution, 105 taxa from four different studies were included in an nrDNA ITS + ETS 1f analysis of all recognized genera (Carex, Cymophyllus, Kobresia, Schoenoxiphium, Uncinia) and Carex subgenera (Carex, Psyllophora, Vignea, Vigneastra). As in previous analyses, four major Cariceae clades were recovered: (1) a "Core Carex Clade" (subg. Carex, Vigneastra, Psyllophora p.p); (2) A "Vignea Clade" (subg. Vignea, Psyllophora p.p.); (3) a "Schoenoxiphium Clade" (Schoenoxiphium, subg. Psyllophora p.p.), and (4) a "Core Unispicate Clade" (Uncinia, Kobresia, subg. Psyllophora p.p.). All studies provide strong support (86-100% BS) for the Core Carex and Vignea Clades, but only weak to moderate support (<50%-78% BS) for the Core Unispicate and Schoenoxiphium Clades. The relationships of these groups are unresolved. Studies suggest that Carex is either paraphyletic with respect to all Cariceae genera or to all genera except Schoenoxiphium. Kobresia is a grade, but Uncinia and possibly Schoenoxiphium are monophyletic. The monotypic Cymophyllus is indistinct from Carex subg. Psyllophora species. Character analyses indicate that inflorescence proliferation and reduction have occurred in all major clades, and that the Cariceae's unisexual flowers have evolved from perfect flowers. The ancestor to Cariceae possessed a multispicate inflorescence with cladoprophylls and female spikelets with tristigmatic gynoecia and closed utricles. This morphology is most similar to extant Carex subg. Carex species, which contradicts the nearly unanimous assumption that the highly compound inflorescences of Schoenoxiphium are primitive. Since taxonomic sampling and statistical support for phylogenies have generally been poor, we advocate the temporary maintenance of the four traditional Carex subgenera with androgynous unispicate species placed within subg. Psyllophora and dioecious and gynaecandrous unispicate species distributed amongst subgenera Carex and Vignea. A collective effort focused on developing new nuclear markers, on increasing taxonomic and geographic sampling, and on studying development within the context of phylogeny, is needed to develop a phylogenetic classification of Cariceae.

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“…The classification of both species into separate sections within the Vignea subgenus (e.g. Toivonen and Timonen 1976;Egorova 1999) was confirmed later by the DNA sequence analyses (Ford et al 2006).…”

Section: Taxonomical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 83%

Carex disperma Dewey versus Carex loliacea L. (Cyperaceae): distribution dynamics and conservation status in Poland.

Pawlikowski

2011

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Carex disperma Dewey reaches its south-eastern range limit in north-eastern Poland. It has often been confused with Carex loliacea L. In this paper the diagnostic features of both species are presented. A total of about 47 reliable localities of C. disperma were recorded within the present borders of Poland. Less than one-third of them have only been confirmed recently. They are aggregated in large forest complexes in north-eastern Poland (Romincka, Białowieża, Borki, Augustów and Knyszyn Forests). A list of localities of C. disperma based on herbarium records, credible literature data and the author's own data is provided, as well as maps of distribution of both C. disperma and C. loliacea in Poland. The existence of C. disperma × C. loliacea hybrid was not confirmed. Considering the number of localities, dynamics and population sizes of both species it is clear that C. disperma is a species with higher conservation value than C. loliacea. Unlike C. disperma, the latter species is not threatened with extinction in Poland. The resources of C. disperma are very limited and the species needs conservation measures such as creating sufficiently large nature reserves where appropriate hydrological conditions can be maintained.

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Phylogeny of <I>Carex</I> subg. <I>Vignea</I> (Cyperaceae) Based on Non-coding nrDNA Sequence Data

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Insights on Using Morphologic Data for Phylogenetic Analysis in Sedges (Cyperaceae)

Insights on Using Morphologic Data for Phylogenetic Analysis in Sedges (Cyperaceae)

Phylogeny and Evolution in Cariceae (Cyperaceae): Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Carex disperma Dewey versus Carex loliacea L. (Cyperaceae): distribution dynamics and conservation status in Poland.

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