Phylogeny of rheusus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA restriction enzyme analysis

Zhang, Yaping; Li-ming, Shi

doi:10.1007/bf02215449

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Molecular phylogenetical studies based on mitochondrial DNA, however, have suggested divergence times as remote as about 0.75 Ma (Morales and Melnick, 1998) or even ca. 1.4 Ma (Zhang and Shi, 1993). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA has shown that the rhesus is a paraphyletic species (Hayasaka et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using tail length, Fooden (2000) classified living rhesus macaques (hereafter rhesuses) into three major groups: the eastern group, consisting of rhesuses in China and neighboring countries; the western group, consisting of those in India and its vicinity; and the southern group, consisting of those in the Indochinese peninsula. Although various divergence times, ranging from about 20 ka to 1.4 Ma, between the rhesus groups have been estimated from morphological and molecular evidence (Nozawa et al, 1977;Zhang and Shi, 1993;Hayasaka et al, 1996;Morales and Melnick, 1998;Fooden, 2000;Tosi et al, 2000Tosi et al, , 2003, exact phylogenetic relationships have yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometrical comparison between Indian- and Chinese-derived rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Hamada

Watanabe

Chatani

et al. 2005

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Using standard methods, we describe the morphometric characteristics of Indian-and Chinese-derived rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) reared at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. The most significant morphometric difference found between the two populations was in tail length, which was ca. 45% and 35% of crown-rump length in the Indian-and Chinese-derived rhesuses, respectively. There were no major differences between the two populations in terms of the other parameters of body size/proportion, although the Chinese-derived rhesuses tended to be larger than the Indian-derived rhesuses by 2-5% and there were some differences in the proportions of extremities. This morphometric similarity can be interpreted from either phylogenetic (recent divergence) or adaptive (similarities in habitat) perspectives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometrical comparison between Indian- and Chinese-derived rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Hamada

Watanabe

Chatani

et al. 2005

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“…The species of the fascicularis-group share a common ancestor that lived about 2.5 mya. Several researchers agree that long-tailed macaques are the most plesiomorphic taxon within the fascicularis-clade (Delson 1980, Zhang and Shi 1993, Melnick et al 1993, Hayasaka et al 1996, Morales and Melnick 1998, Tosi et al 2000. Therefore, it is argued that rhesus macaques probably emerged from a fascicularis-like ancestor that reached the mainland from its homeland in Indonesia approximately 1.0 mya (Tosi et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the mtDNA of Chinese rhesus macaques more closely resembles that of M. cyclopis and M. fuscata than that of the Indian rhesus macaque with which it is conspecific (Zhang and Shi 1993, Melnick et al 1993, Morales and Melnick 1998, Tosi et al 2003, suggesting that species distinctions currently made within the mulatta group of macaques may not completely reflect the close relationships between taxa. Moreover, Marmi et al (2004) proposed that the taxonomy of the fascicularis-group of macaque species be revised to include one subclade comprising Chinese rhesus macaques, Japanese macaques and Taiwanese macaques and a second subclade including only Indian rhesus macaques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization and Stratification of Nuclear Genetic Variation in Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis

et al. 2008

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Genotypes for 13 short tandem repeats (STRs) were used to assess the genetic diversity within and differentiation among populations of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from mainland Asia and long-tailed macaques (M. fascicularis) from mainland and insular Southeast Asia. These animals were either recently captured in the wild or derived from wild-caught founders maintained in captivity for biomedical research.A large number of alleles is shared between the two macaque species but a significant genetic division between them persists. This distinction is more clear-cut among populations that are not, or are unlikely to have recently been, geographically contiguous. Our results suggest there has been significant interspecies nuclear gene flow between rhesus macaques and long-tailed macaques on the mainland. Comparisons of mainland and island populations of long-tailed macaques reflect marked genetic subdivisions due to barriers to migration. Geographic isolation has restricted gene flow, allowing island populations to become subdivided and genetically differentiated. Indonesian long-tailed macaques show evidence of long-term separation and genetic isolation from the mainland populations, while long-tailed macaques from the Philippines and Mauritius both display evidence of founder effects and subsequent isolation, with the impact from genetic drift being more profound in the latter.

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“…Zhang and Shi's (1993) analyses on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in Macaca mulatta of China discriminated ≥6 groups, but only 4 are significant: the Hainan group, the Fujian group, the northern (Henan and Shanxi) group, and the rest of Chinese Macaca mulatta. Brandon-Jones et al (2004) noted that Macaca mulatta tcheliensis is possibly synonymous with M. m. sanctijohannis, if not with M. m. mulatta.…”

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confidence: 99%

Current Status of Macaca mulatta in Taihangshan Mountains Area, Jiyuan, Henan, China

Jinhuai

Wang

et al. 2007

Int J Primatol

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Primatologists have classified rhesus macaques of the Taihangshan Mountains area as Macaca mulatta tcheliensis, a subspecies confined to China. The northernmost area of its distribution is in the southern part of the Taihangshan Mountains, which includes a National Nature Reserve established in 1998. To investigate the current status of the subspecies, we surveyed the population and distribution of macaque groups in Jiyuan, Henan, China. In addition, we investigated habitat preferences and the food items foraged by macaques during winter and early spring. The results show that: 1) ca. 2100 macaques currently inhabit the Taihangshan Mountains National Nature Reserve, mainly in Jiyuan; 2) fragmentation of habitats of rhesus macaques have become severe in recent years; and 3) food resources are very poor during the long winter and the early spring. Macaques in the Taihangshan Mountains feed mainly on seeds, twigs, and bark and the eggs of some insects.

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Phylogeny of rheusus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA restriction enzyme analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Morphometrical comparison between Indian- and Chinese-derived rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Morphometrical comparison between Indian- and Chinese-derived rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Hybridization and Stratification of Nuclear Genetic Variation in Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis

Current Status of Macaca mulatta in Taihangshan Mountains Area, Jiyuan, Henan, China

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