Phylogeny of the festucoid grasses of subtribe Loliinae and allies (Poeae, Pooideae) inferred from ITS and trnL–F sequences

Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres

“…Our sampling scheme was designed to cover those taxonomic and geographic Loliinae groups that were underrepresented in previous analyses, especially from the New World and the southern hemisphere, and to build on previous studies Catalán et al, 2004). Seventy-eight taxa from North and South America (43), New Zealand (9), Eastern Asia (4) and the panMediterranean region (22) were incorporated in the study totaling 176 taxa in the present data set.…”

“…DNA isolation and sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, which included the ITSl spacer, the 5.8S gene, and the ITS2 spacer, and of the plastid ir«TL and trnLF regions, which included the trnTL spacer and the trnL intron, and the trnhF spacer, respectively, followed the procedures indicated in Catalán et al (2004). One hundred and sixty three new trnTh, 70 new trnLF and 60 new ITS sequences have been deposited in GenBank.…”

“…A combined trnTL/lTS data set was created by union of the concatenated plastid trnTL region and the ITS region for 157 samples for which both sequences were available. Sequences were first aligned with Clustal X (Thompson et al, 1994) and then adjusted manually; the boundaries of each sequenced region correspond to those indicated in Catalán et al (2004). Informative gaps were coded as binary data, incorporated in their respective data matrices, and used for parsimony-based analyses.…”

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) EST and SSR marker development, annotation, and transferability

“…It is distinct and isolated from other genera within Poaceae (Catalan et al 2004), yet has extensive variation for taxonomic characters, and occupies highly diverse habitats (Stebbins and Zohary 1959). Indigenous to Eurasia and northern Africa, Dactylis is now naturalized on nearly every continent due to its extensive use for forage and hay, and is one of the top four perennial forage grass genera grown worldwide (Stewart and Ellison 2010).…”

“…Previous studies have used a variety of tools: chloroplast and ITS sequences have been used to describe phylogenetic relationships (Lumaret et al 1989;Catalan et al 2004;Stewart and Ellison 2010), dominant markers (e.g., RAPD, ISSR, SRAP) used in discreet studies (Koelliker et al 1999;Tuna et al 2004;Peng et al 2008;Zeng et al 2008), and heterologous markers tested from other forage grass species Litrico et al 2009), However, the openplatform dominant markers generally have the inability to add samples to a study without re-analyzing all previous samples due to the large number of bands genotyped per primer. Heterologous marker transferability also decreases as species diverge (Thiel et al 2003;Zhang et al 2005;Litrico et al 2009), and are accompanied by higher likelihood of homoplasy and polymorphism due to mutations that exist among the species (Thiel et al 2003;Saha et al 2004;Zhang et al 2006).…”