Phylogeny of the GenusDrosophila

Abstract

Understanding phylogenetic relationships among taxa is key to designing and implementing comparative analyses. The genus Drosophila, which contains over 1600 species, is one of the most important model systems in the biological sciences. For over a century, one species in this group, Drosophila melanogaster, has been key to studies of animal development and genetics, genome organization and evolution, and human disease. As whole-genome sequencing becomes more cost-effective, there is increasing interest in other members of this morphologically, ecologically, and behaviorally diverse genus. Phylogenetic relationships within Drosophila are complicated, and the goal of this paper is to provide a review of the recent taxonomic changes and phylogenetic relationships in this genus to aid in further comparative studies.

Evolution of sexually dimorphic pheromone profiles coincides with increased number of male‐specific chemosensory organs in Drosophila prolongata

“…The clustering tendency was cross-validated by a visual approach ( Figure S5A), implemented in the function "fviz_dist" from the "factoextra" package (Kassambara & Mundt, 2017). The optimal number of clusters was adopted using the majority rule, after comparing 30 results (Table S3) obtained by the function "fviz_nbclust" and "NbClust" in the package in the "factoextra" (Kassambara & Mundt, 2017) and "NbClust" package (Niknafs, Ghazzali, Boiteau, & Niknafs, 2015), respectively. Partition clustering by K-means algorithm was performed on the CHC proportions, using the function "eclust" in the "factoextra" package (Kassambara & Mundt, 2017) with 50 random starting configurations.…”

“…However, among the closest relatives of D. melanogaster (the melanogaster species subgroup), sexually dimorphic expression of 7,11‐HD appears to be ancestral, with most evolutionary changes due to secondary losses of sex‐biased dienes (Jallon & David, ; Shirangi, Dufour, Williams, & Carroll, ). The genus Drosophila , with >1,600 described species (O'Grady & DeSalle, ), is likely to harbor a much greater diversity of sex‐specific CHC profiles. Most of this diversity remains unexplored (Ferveur, ).…”

Are Drosophila preferences for yeasts stable or contextual?

“…The available data show these yeast species display significant genetic and geographic diversity (Gayevskiy & Goddard, 2016). There are well over 1,600 Drosophila species, which also have large genetic and geographic diversity (O'Grady & DeSalle, 2018), but of these, Drosophila melanogaster is the most studied. At least D. melanogaster olfactorial pathways appear tuned to microbial volatiles (Mansourian & Stensmyr, 2015), and these volatiles influence behavioral decisions for substrates selected for food and oviposition (Becher et al, 2012;Stökl et al, 2010).…”

Quantifying the extent of morphological homoplasy: A phylogenetic analysis of 490 characters inDrosophila

“…These books represent two of the most explicit standardized and illustrated descriptions for drosophilids juveniles and adults. We selected species from the main drosophilid clades, that is, the subfamily Steganinae with its two tribes the Steganini and the Gitonini and the subfamily Drosophilinae with its two tribes the Colocasiomyini and the Drosophilini, following Yassin's () classification scheme (see O'Grady and DeSalle for the current status of drosophilids phylogenetics). The 56 species belonged to 15 genera, including four Drosophila subgenera (namely Sophophora , Dorsilopha , Drosophila , and Siphlodora ).…”