Phylogeny of the GenusTrichodermaBased on Sequence Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region 1 of the rDNA Cluster

Kindermann, Johanna; El-Ayouti, Yassin; Samuels, Gary J.; Kubicek, Christian P.

doi:10.1006/fgbi.1998.1049

Cited by 134 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A light intensity of 25 % for 60 s duration resulted in the same conidial rate as 12.5 % intensity for 120 s in T. viride (Galun, 1971). Horwitz et al (1990) validated the Bunsen-Roscoe reciprocity law in the nanosecond to minutes range in T. atroviride [the Trichoderma harzianum isolate used in that study has since been reidentified as T. atroviride (Kindermann et al, 1998)]. In addition, they demonstrated no difference in the kinetics of the photoresponse at 3 u C compared with 26 u C, which suggests that no enzymic processes are involved.…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 65%

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

et al. 2010

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2Lincoln Ventures Limited, PO Box 133, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand Trichoderma spp. have served as models for asexual reproduction in filamentous fungi for over 50 years. Physical stimuli, such as light exposure and mechanical injury to the mycelium, trigger conidiation; however, conidiogenesis itself is a holistic response determined by the cell's metabolic state, as influenced by the environment and endogenous biological rhythms. Key environmental parameters are the carbon and nitrogen status and the C : N ratio, the ambient pH and the level of calcium ions. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of this fungus have revealed a conserved mechanism of environmental perception through the White Collar orthologues BLR-1 and BLR-2. Also implicated in the molecular regulation are the PacC pathways and the conidial regulator VELVET. Signal transduction cascades which link environmental signals to physiological outputs have also been revealed.

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Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 65%

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

et al. 2010

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“…No simple ITS sequence identity threshold can perfectly distinguish species boundaries across diverse fungi since the molecular evolution of the ITS region varies across fungal lineages. However, a number of focused phylogenetic studies suggest that a threshold of 97% may lump discrete sister species (Kindermann et al 1998, Horton 2002, Geml et al 2006; on the other hand, a more rigorous threshold would begin to artificially divide species due to sequencing errors and intraspecific variation (O'Brien et al 2005, Quince et al 2009, Kunin et al 2010). Thus we view 97% as the best available approximation when a single standard must be applied to large data sets spanning wide fungal diversity.…”

Section: Sequence Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, our estimate of the fungus-to-plant ratio at our sites is conservative for several reasons. First, single-linkage clustering of fungal ITS sequences at 97% identity often lumps sequences belonging to different, closely related species (Kindermann et al 1998, Peintner et al 2004, Geml et al 2009). Second, our census of soil does not encompass the numerous fungal species that occur only in aboveground habitats, such as the diverse fungal species of the Laboulbeniales (Weir and Hammond 1997) and Entomophthorales (Humber 1989), which may number as many species as certain of their host groups among the Insecta, the ascomycetous yeasts that live primarily within the digestive tracts of insects Jones 1997, Suh et al 2005) and other animal hosts, and the hyperdiverse lichens and associated lichenicolous fungi (Esslinger and Egan 1995).…”

Section: Expanding the Global Estimate Of Fungal Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A first comprehensive census of fungi in soil reveals both hyperdiversity and fine‐scale niche partitioning

Taylor

Hollingsworth

Mcfarland

et al. 2014

Ecological Monographs

318

249

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Abstract. Fungi play key roles in ecosystems as mutualists, pathogens, and decomposers. Current estimates of global species richness are highly uncertain, and the importance of stochastic vs. deterministic forces in the assembly of fungal communities is unknown. Molecular studies have so far failed to reach saturated, comprehensive estimates of fungal diversity. To obtain a more accurate estimate of global fungal diversity, we used a direct molecular approach to census diversity in a boreal ecosystem with precisely known plant diversity, and we carefully evaluated adequacy of sampling and accuracy of species delineation. We achieved the first exhaustive enumeration of fungi in soil, recording 1002 taxa in this system. We show that the fungus : plant ratio in Picea mariana forest soils from interior Alaska is at least 17:1 and is regionally stable. A global extrapolation of this ratio would suggest 6 million species of fungi, as opposed to leading estimates ranging from 616 000 to 1.5 million. We also find that closely related fungi often occupy divergent niches. This pattern is seen in fungi spanning all major functional guilds and four phyla, suggesting a major role of deterministic niche partitioning in community assembly. Extinctions and range shifts are reorganizing biodiversity on Earth, yet our results suggest that 98% of fungi remain undescribed and that many of these species occupy unique niches.

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“…Accurate Trichoderma species discrimination can be done based on DNA sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 of the rDNA gene cluster and fragments of the tef1, rpb2, chi18-5, and actin (act) or calmodulin (cal1) genes (Kindermann et al 1998;Dodd et al 2003;Jaklitsch et al 2006;Samuels et al 2006;Gal-Hemed et al 2011;Błaszczyk et al 2011;Atanasova et al 2013;Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2015). The taxonomy of Trichoderma is continuously adjusted and updated (Jaklitsch 2011;Atanasova et al 2013;Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2015;Chaverri et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification Of Trichoderma Strains Collected To Develop Plant Growth-Promoting And Biocontrol Agents

Oskiera

Szczech

Bartoszewski

2015

Journal of Horticultural Research

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Trichoderma strains that are beneficial to both the growth and health of plants can be used as plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) or biological control agents (BCA) in agricultural and horticultural practices. In order to select PGPF or BCA strains, their biological properties and taxonomy must be carefully studied. In this study, 104 strains of Trichoderma collected at geographically different locations in Poland for selection as PGPF or BCA were identified by DNA barcoding, based on the sequences of internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2) of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and on the sequences of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), chitinase 18-5 (chi18-5), and RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) gene fragments. Most of the strains were classified as: T. atroviride (38%), T. harzianum (21%), T. lentiforme (9%), T. virens (9%), and T. simmonsii (6%). Single strains belonging to T. atrobrunneum, T. citrinoviride, T. crassum, T. gamsii, T. hamatum, T. spirale, T. tomentosum, and T. viridescens were identified.Three strains that are potentially pathogenic to cultivated mushrooms belonging to T. pleuroticola and T. aggressivum f. europaeum were also identified. Four strains: TRS4, TRS29, TRS33, and TRS73 were classified to Trichoderma spp. and molecular identification was inconclusive at the species level. Phylogeny analysis showed that three of these strains TRS4, TRS29, and TRS33 belong to Trichoderma species that is not yet taxonomically established and strain TRS73 belongs to the T. harzianum complex, however, the species could not be identified with certainty.

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Phylogeny of the GenusTrichodermaBased on Sequence Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region 1 of the rDNA Cluster

Cited by 134 publications

References 41 publications

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

A first comprehensive census of fungi in soil reveals both hyperdiversity and fine‐scale niche partitioning

Molecular Identification Of Trichoderma Strains Collected To Develop Plant Growth-Promoting And Biocontrol Agents

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