Phylogeny of the Peckia-genus group: evolution of male genitalia in the major necrophagous guild of Neotropical flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Anchored hybrid enrichment challenges the traditional classification of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

“…As this stylus is absent in many Sarcophaginae, and as the shape and position of the juxta vary considerably, assessing the presence and point of origin of the juxta can be difficult (Giroux et al ., ; Whitmore et al ., ; Buenaventura & Pape, ). These difficulties were addressed by Buenaventura & Pape (), who updated the definition of a juxta to any apical extension of the posterior (= dorsal) side of the paraphallus, proximal to the base of the median stylus and/or lateral styli (i.e. to the acrophallus), usually anteriorly (= ventrally) directed, often curved over the acrophallic structures and sometimes articulated to the paraphallus by a hinge near its base that is commonly used as a landmark that separates the juxta from the remaining paraphallus.…”

“…in Cylindrotomidae, Blephariceridae, Tanyderidae, Asilinae, some Rhinophoridae, some Tachinidae (Andersen, ; Wood, ; Dikow, ; Cerretti et al ., ) and twice within Sarcophagidae: once in the ancestor of the subfamily Sarcophaginae (Figs ) and once in the miltogrammine species Senotainia trifida Pape (Pape, , ; Buenaventura & Pape, ). In Sarcophaginae, the apomorphic ground plan of the phallotrema is the result of a folding of the acrophallic rim creating three more or less separated outlets or openings (Figs J, C, G) (Buenaventura & Pape, ), giving two lateral and one median stylus. The sarcophagine acrophallus also has a paired capitis flanking the median stylus and a pair of hillae flanking the lateral part of each lateral stylus (see Buenaventura & Pape, , for a more detailed definition).…”

“…Previous phylogenetic studies using DNA sequences and including Lipoptilocnema also recovered this genus as more closely related to Peckia than to Sarcophaga (Zhang et al ., 2016a ; Buenaventura & Pape, ). The position of Engelimyia has been uncertain in previous studies, with almost a different hypothetical sister group in each phylogenetic analysis, including as sister to Boettcheria Parker (Kutty et al ., ; Piwczyński et al ., ), Villegasia Dodge (Buenaventura & Pape, ) or Tulaeopoda Townsend (Buenaventura & Pape, ). As none of these possible sister taxa were included in the present analysis, the phylogenetic position of Engelimyia is still obscure.…”

“…Here, we investigate subfamilial and generic phylogenetic relationships of Sarcophagidae using 101 flesh fly species and molecular data from 950 loci captured using a genomic approach of anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE; including 435 930 sites). The comparison of our AHE‐based phylogeny with recently published adult morphology‐based phylogenies of Sarcophagidae (Giroux et al ., ; Whitmore et al ., ; Buenaventura & Pape, , ) provides new insights into the evolution of male genitalic traits within the family and highlights convergent characters generating a conflicting phylogenetic signal.…”

Molecular phylogeny of the hyperdiverse genusSarcophaga(Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and comparison between algorithms for identification of rogue taxa

“…Parallel to the recent increase in molecular studies including flesh flies (Kutty et al., ; Stamper et al., ; Singh and Wells, ; Piwczyński et al., ; Wong et al., ), morphological characters continue to provide a substantial amount of information (Giroux and Wheeler, , ; Giroux et al., ; Whitmore et al., ; Buenaventura and Pape, ). However, the remarkable morphological complexity of the male terminalia, which facilitates species‐level identification, also presents a formidable challenge in the homology assessments needed for reconstructing phylogenies and for a consistent subgeneric classification of Sarcophaga .…”