Phylogeny, transcriptional profile, and auxin-induced phosphorylation modification characteristics of conserved PIN proteins in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

Characterization of the PIN Auxin Efflux Carrier Gene Family and Its Expression during Zygotic Embryogenesis in Persea americana

“…The conserved motifs of the PIN proteins in avocado were identified using Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation (MEME). The motifs of the PaPIN1b,c,d,e, and PaPIN2a proteins display the ten characteristic motifs found in other species [ 49 ]. PaPIN1a only has nine motifs.…”

“…The number of introns is very similar to that of rice. This species has four to six introns [ 25 ], and Phyllostachys edulis has an average of five introns [ 49 ]. However, exon–intron structure tended to be conserved among the PaPIN genes, which was similar to that reported in other plants, suggesting that intron–exon organization of PIN genes is highly conserved [ 15 ].…”

“…It has been documented that polarity and transport activity are regulated by phosphorylation through several protein kinases [ 110 , 111 , 112 ]; the target for the kinases is the region that corresponds to the cytosolic loop or hydrophilic loop ( Figure 5 a and Figure 6 a–l) [ 113 ]. This protein modification is central for the polar location of the PINs in the plasma membrane [ 49 , 110 , 111 ]. We found that Ser210 is a conserved amino acid among PIN proteins and is phosphorylated in A. thaliana [ 97 ].…”

Phytohormone Crosstalk of Cytokinin Biosynthesis and Signaling Family Genes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

“…In Moso bamboo, previous studies have found that the phytohormone content is not the same in different parts of the same internode in bamboo shoots, and that the content of auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin is much higher at the base of the internode than at the upper part of the internode [ 41 ]. At the same time, we have identified the role of auxin and gibberellin in the regulation of the internode length and plant height, and the possible involvement of cytokinin in the regulation of elongation in the internode elongation zone of Moso bamboo, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not yet clear [ 29 , 30 , 42 ]. In order to further analyze the integration of phytohormone signaling in Moso bamboo, we found that most of the genes containing the corresponding regulatory elements in the promoter region could respond to the corresponding phytohormones based on the available transcriptome data, and further determined the phytohormone co-expression pattern during the developmental stage of bamboo shoots.…”

Synergism of vesicle trafficking and cytoskeleton during regulation of plant growth and development: A mechanistic outlook

“…The PIN gene family encodes a particular class of auxin-output transporter [ 97 ], Arabidopsis PIN1 was the first PIN gene to be identified, and since then, seven additional PIN genes, PIN2-PIN8, have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome [ 98 ]. To date, the PIN gene has been identified in 31 plant species, including brassica, glycine, leaf-cutting alfalfa, rice, poplar and maize [ [99] , [100] , [101] ].…”