Phylogeographic analysis of the East Asian goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea complex, Asteraceae) reveals hidden ecological diversification with recurrent formation of ecotypes

Sakaguchi, Shota; Kimura, Takuma; Kyan, Ryuta; Maki, Masayuki; Nishino, Toyokazu; Ishikawa, Naoko; Nagano, Atsushi J.; Honjo, Mie N.; Yasugi, Masaki; Kudoh, Hiroshi; Li, Pan; Choi, Hyeok Jae; Chernyagina, Olga A.; Itô, Motomi

doi:10.1093/aob/mcx182

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The example of the parallel origin of ecotypes along an elevational gradient, although with the opposite direction of colonization than in our study, was recently documented for Heliosperma pusillum , where distinct isolated ecotypes occupying cave entrances in foothills originated from a widespread alpine lineage 36 . The impact of elevational difference on divergence between foothill (montane) and alpine populations has been documented in Dianthus callizonus 37 , Primula merrilliana 23 , and Solidago virgaurea 38 . The parallel origin of ecotypes has been also documented previously with genetic data in different environments such as sand dune vs. non-dune in Helianthus petiolaris 39 , sand dune vs. rock in Senecio lautus 40 , serpentine vs. non-serpentine soils in Solidago virgaurea 41 , wave vs. crab predation in the mollusc Littorina saxatilis 42 , and freshwater vs. saltwater in the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel colonization of subalpine habitats in the central European mountains by Primula elatior

Konečná

Nowak

Kolář

2019

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The island-like distribution of subalpine habitats across mountain ranges can trigger the parallel evolution of locally adapted ecotypes. Such naturally replicated scenarios allow testing hypotheses on how elevational differentiation structures genetic diversity within species. Nevertheless, the parallel colonization of subalpine habitats across different mountain ranges has only rarely been documented with molecular data. We chose Primula elatior (Primulaceae), naturally spanning entire elevation range in multiple mountain regions of central Europe, to test for the origin of its scattered subalpine populations. Nuclear microsatellite variation revealed three genetic groups corresponding with the distinct study regions. We found that genetic differentiation between foothill and subalpine populations within each region was relatively low, suggesting that the colonization of subalpine habitats occurred independently within each mountain range. Furthermore, the strongest differentiation was usually found between the subalpine populations suggesting that mountain ridges may act as migration barriers that can reduce gene flow more strongly than elevational differences between foothill and subalpine populations. Finally, we found that subalpine colonization did not result in a loss of genetic diversity relative to foothill populations in agreement with the high migration rates that we document here between the subalpine and the foothill populations. In summary, our study shows subalpine Primula elatior populations are genetically diverse and distinct results of parallel colonization events from multiple foothill gene pools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel colonization of subalpine habitats in the central European mountains by Primula elatior

Konečná

Nowak

Kolář

2019

Sci Rep

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“…on S. caucasica leaf [18]. Care is needed for a correct identification, because in the 19th century, a scientific paper written by a medical doctor (based on his personal experience repeated several times) drew the attention to the risks of confusing this medicinal plant with a non-effective (and likely dangerous for the health) Senecio nemorensis L. [19] According to a number of sources [20,21], S. virgaurea is regarded as a taxonomic group or complex, and it consists of perennial herbaceous species extensively distributed from Europe to East Asia. As a group, it is generally divided longitudinally: in Europe the genus is represented by S. virgaurea L., in Siberia and most of the Far East by S. dahurica (Kitag.)…”

Section: General Description Taxonomy and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solidago virgaurea L.: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities

et al. 2020

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Solidago virgaurea L. (European goldenrod, Woundwort), Asteraceae, is a familiar medicinal plant in Europe and other parts of the world, widely used and among the most researched species from its genus. The aerial parts of European goldenrod have long been used for urinary tract conditions and as an anti-inflammatory agent in the traditional medicine of different peoples. Its main chemical constituents are flavonoids (mainly derived from quercetin and kaempferol), C6-C1 and C6-C3 compounds, terpenes (mostly from the essential oil), and a large number of saponin molecules (mainly virgaureasaponins and solidagosaponins). Published research on its potential activities is critically reviewed here: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, spasmolitic, antihypertensive, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasite, cytotoxic and antitumor, antimutagenic, antiadipogenic, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and antisenescence. The evidence concerning its potential benefits is mainly derived from non-clinical studies, some effects are rather modest, whereas others are more promising, but need more confirmation in both non-clinical models and clinical trials.

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“…Morphological differentiation between ecotypes (serpentine plants having smaller leaves than nonserpentine types [Figure d]) and differences in flowering time are reported (Kadota, ; Murata, ). The serpentine ecotypes do not show any qualitative differentiation in flowers and other morphological traits, and are shown to be closely related to the surrounding nonserpentine Solidago populations (Sakaguchi, Horie, Ishikawa, et al., ), making them suitable to study the adaptation and genetic interactions of populations in the process of ecotypic differentiation and possibly early stages of speciation (Sakaguchi, Kimura, et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of soil ecotypes ofSolidago virgaureain close parapatry via divergent flowering time and selection against immigrants

et al. 2018

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The often patchy distribution of serpentine geology can lead to abrupt changes in soil and microclimates. Thus, serpentine areas provide an ideal natural setting to understand how divergent selection drives the process of local adaptation in edaphically specialized plants. When the serpentine ecotype is surrounded by a related nonserpentine ecotype, a balance of natural selection and potential gene flow should maintain the different ecotypes over very short distances. We aimed to reveal the mechanisms allowing soil ecotypes of a goldenrod species to co‐occur sympatrically in Japan. We performed field surveys to characterize microenvironments and flowering phenology of each ecotype, common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments and artificial crossing, and population genetic analysis to investigate the levels of genetic differentiation between ecotypes. Growth chamber experiments show that serpentine plants showed lower specific leaf area (SLA) and greater resource allocation to their root systems than did their nonserpentine counterparts, a potential adaptation to drier and less fertile soil condition in serpentine habitats. Reciprocal transplant studies demonstrated a clear pattern of local adaptation in the plant growth rate. Importantly, serpentine populations completed flowering by midsummer versus late summer in nonserpentine plants. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that early flowering ensures reproductive success, before the microclimatic conditions becomes severe in open habitats. Although prezygotic isolation was a strong barrier to gene flow, genetic differentiation was very low, indicating a recent origin for the serpentine ecotypes and/or gene flow at low frequencies. Synthesis. The findings indicate that the early flowering times of serpentine ecotypes, which would have been selected for by microclimates in serpentine areas, can play roles in local adaptation, but also population isolation via a by‐product of diverged reproductive timings. This study contributes to general understanding of the initial stages of plant ecological speciation under potential gene flow in very small geographic scales.

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Phylogeographic analysis of the East Asian goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea complex, Asteraceae) reveals hidden ecological diversification with recurrent formation of ecotypes

Cited by 21 publications

References 64 publications

Parallel colonization of subalpine habitats in the central European mountains by Primula elatior

Parallel colonization of subalpine habitats in the central European mountains by Primula elatior

Solidago virgaurea L.: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities

Maintenance of soil ecotypes ofSolidago virgaureain close parapatry via divergent flowering time and selection against immigrants

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