Phylogeographic History of Brown Trout

Salmo macrostigma(Teleostei, Salmonidae): Nothing more than a brown trout (S. trutta) lineage?

“…Mitochondrial DNA markers are valued for phylogenetic reconstructions using both museum and fresh samples because nucleic acids degrade over time and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) are available at much higher copy numbers per cell compared with single‐copy nuclear DNA (Höss, ; Wandeler et al ., ) and because mtDNA has reliable barcoding properties across vertebrates, including fishes (Allio et al ., ). Despite its uniparental inheritance, mtDNA remains an important marker in studies of the S. trutta complex partly because so much data are already available from previous salmonid studies (Bernatchez et al ., ; Crête‐Lafrenière et al ., ; Snoj et al ., ; Sušnik et al ., ; Verspoor et al ., ) and partly because a well‐supported mtDNA‐based hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is available (Bernatchez, ; Cortey et al ., ; Sanz, ; Snoj et al ., ; Vera et al ., ).…”

“…In the brown trout Salmo trutta L. 1758, natural diversity is notably characterized by complex patterns of phenotypically distinct geographic forms and considerable life-history variation (Bernatchez et al, 1992;Elliott, 1994;Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007;Sanz, 2017). In addition to S. trutta and Salmo salar L. 1758, studies of biological variation during the last century have led to the description of several Salmo L. 1758 species, often having very restricted geographical ranges (Berrebi et al, 2013;Clavero et al, 2017;Ninua et al, 2018).…”

“…Among these, a dozen were described during the past decade (Delling, 2010;Turan et al, 2009Turan et al, , 2011Turan et al, , 2012Turan et al, , 2014, such as Salmo akairos (Delling & Doadrio, 2005) and Salmo viridis (Doadrio et al, 2015) described from Morocco. As illustrated by the numerous references cited above, which are only a snapshot of the available literature, research in this area is very active and molecular data have already begun to show that some species are not valid (see Sanz, 2017, and references therein for a detailed list). Apart from S. salar and few other valid species (e.g.…”

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

“…This diversity complicates the systematics of the species and makes some scientists term Salmo trutta a species complex rather than a single species (Keller, Taverna, & Seehausen, 2011;Patarnello, Bargelloni, Caldara, & Colombo, 1994;Sanz, 2017). This diversity complicates the systematics of the species and makes some scientists term Salmo trutta a species complex rather than a single species (Keller, Taverna, & Seehausen, 2011;Patarnello, Bargelloni, Caldara, & Colombo, 1994;Sanz, 2017).…”

“…Brown trout have been the focus of several books such as those by Fahy (1985), Elliott (1994), Baglinière and Maisse (1999), Harris and Milner (2007), Harris (2017), , and Lobón-Cerviá and Sanz (2017). However, some recent knowledge on migration, its complexity and plasticity is not included in these books ( Figure 2).…”