Phylogeographic studies of Brazilian “campo-rupestre” species: Wunderlichia mirabilis Riedel ex Baker (Asteraceae)

Abstract

Estudos filogeográficos de espécies brasileiras de "campo rupestre": Wunderlichia mirabilis Riedel ex Baker (Asteraceae). A espécie Wunderlichia mirabilis Riedel ex Baker, uma árvore dispersa pelo vento, possui um padrão de distribuição geográfico disjunto. Essa espécie ocorre em ambientes de campo rupestre na Cadeia do Espinhaço e nas montanhas de Goiás. A filogeografia de W. mirabilis foi investigada com base na variabilidade genética e na filogenia das regiões dos espaçadores não codificadores nuclear (ITS) e de cloroplasto (trnL). As taxas de fluxo de sementes são maiores do que as de pólen, e não há uma correlação significativa entre variação genética e geográfica. A radiação de W. mirabilis provavelmente ocorreu a partir da Serra do Cabral para outras serras da Cadeia do Espinhaço e do Espírito Santo, em sentido leste, e também para as montanhas de Goiás, Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais) e São Paulo, em sentido oeste.

Geographical genetic structuring and phenotypic variation in the Vellozia hirsuta (Velloziaceae) ochlospecies complex

“…It is probable that the patterns of variation of the populations of Vellozia hirsuta are related to climatic alterations that occurred during the Pleistocene Epoch in tropical Brazil (Salgado‐Labouriau et al, 1998), as has been inferred for various cerrado (Brazilian savanna) (Collevatti et al, 2003, 2009; Ramos et al, 2007, 2009; Feres et al, 2009; Novaes et al, 2010) and Brazilian Atlantic Forest species (Lorenz‐Lemke et al, 2005, 2006; Palma‐Silva et al, 2009). Decreasing temperatures and humidity during the climatic changes of the Pleistocene would have driven reductions in forest cover and favored the expansion of savanna and grassland vegetation (Ledru, 1993; Colinvaux et al, 1996; Behling, 2002).…”

“…Most studies of this type have been undertaken with European and Asian plant species, with only rare examinations of Neotropical taxa (Beheregaray, 2008; Diniz‐Filho et al, 2008). Most phylogeographical studies in Brazil have focused on tree species (Collevatti et al, 2003; Salgueiro et al, 2004; Ramos et al, 2007, 2009; Feres et al, 2009; Novaes et al, 2010), rarely herbaceous plants (Lorenz‐Lemke et al, 2005, 2006), and monocotyledons even less frequently (Palma‐Silva et al, 2009; Pinheiro et al, 2011). Some species of Vellozia , such as V. compacta and V. gigantea , have been examined in genetic studies (Lousada et al, 2011) that will be important in conservation efforts directed toward species with restricted distributions and in understanding the biogeography of the plant formations in which they occur.…”

Genetic and morphological variability in Cattleya elongata Barb. Rodr. (Orchidaceae), endemic to the campo rupestre vegetation in northeastern Brazil

“…At the end of glaciation, with the increase in temperature and humidity and expansion of forest areas, there was a retraction of the campos rupestres, with the extinction of intermediate populations occurring at lower altitudes, leading to allopatric fragmentation of the species. This model has been used to explain the patterns of species differentiation in these and adjacent formations (Collevatti et al 2009;Ramos et al 2007;Feres et al 2009;Lage-Novaes et al 2010) as well as the Atlantic forest in Brazil (e.g., Palma-Silva et al 2009), and may be a major factor in high endemism (Giulietti and Pirani 1988) and high differentiation in disjunct populations of species of campos rupestres (e.g., Jesus et al 2001;Pereira et al 2007).…”

Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority

“…These narrow endemics are found sympatrically with more widespread species, suggesting the historical existence of larger areas (Collevatti et al 2009). For example, there are endemic species distributed from the Espinhaço Range to the mountains towards the centre of Brazil in Goiás (Feres et al 2009). At a more inclusive level, the Espinhaço Range is geographically divided into two major units: the northern, encompassing interior Bahia, and the southern, in Minas Gerais, a division supported by the disjunct diversification of several plant lineages (Bitencourt and Rapini 2013;Souza et al 2013;Echternacht et al 2014).…”