Phylogeography of rabies virus isolated from herbivores and bats in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Vieira, Luiz Fernando Pereira; Pereira, Sílvia Regina Ferreira Gonçalves; Carnieli, Pedro; Tavares, Luiz Carlos Barbosa; Kotait, Ivanete

doi:10.1007/s11262-012-0866-y

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We believe that the method used here to infer the historical background and geographic diffusion of RABV in Indonesia is highly accurate. The MCMC algorithm has provided evidence of spatial and temporal patterns in the evolution of several viruses, including foot and mouth disease virus [ 10 ], RABV [ 7 37 ], human immunodeficiency virus [ 2 ], and other agents. This approach allows the incorporation of environmental and epidemiological data [ 10 ], and offers a unique opportunity to explore viral evolution in greater detail [ 14 ] at the local, regional, and international scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the current rabies viruses in Indonesia

et al. 2015

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Rabies is a major fatal zoonotic disease in Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine the recent dynamics of rabies virus (RABV) in various areas and animal species throughout Indonesia. A total of 27 brain samples collected from rabid animals of various species in Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Java, and Flores in 2008 to 2010 were investigated. The cDNA of the nucleoprotein gene from each sample was generated and amplified by one-step reverse transcription-PCR, after which the products were sequenced and analyzed. The symmetric substitution model of a Bayesian stochastic search variable selection extension of the discrete phylogeographic model of the social network was applied in BEAST ver. 1.7.5 software. The spatial dispersal was visualized in Cartographica using Spatial Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Evolutionary Dynamics. We demonstrated inter-island introduction and reintroduction, and dog was found to be the only source of infection of other animals. Ancestors of Indonesian RABVs originated in Java and its descendants were transmitted to Kalimantan, then further to Sumatra, Flores, and Bali. The Flores descendent was subsequently transmitted to Sulawesi and back to Kalimantan. The viruses found in various animal species were transmitted by the dog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the current rabies viruses in Indonesia

et al. 2015

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“…While the first analysis consists of testing the impact of environmental factors on dispersal velocity, we have also used a new approach that aims at testing the impact of such factors on the dispersal direction, that Note: For each statistic, we report both the median value and 95% HPD interval. In addition to the Iranian RABV data set introduced in the present study, we also report dispersal statistics estimated for several previously published RABV data sets: bat RABV data sets from Argentina (Torres et al, 2014), Brazil (Vieira, Pereira, Carnieli, Tavares, & Kotait, 2013) and Peru (Streicker et al, 2016), raccoon and skunk RABV data sets from North America Kuzmina et al, 2013) and a dog RABV data set from northern Africa (Talbi et al, 2010). "n" indicates the number of sequences in each data set.…”

Section: Impact Of Environmental Factors On Viral Lineage Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using phylogeographic approaches to analyse the dispersal history, velocity and direction of viral lineages — Application to rabies virus spread in Iran

et al. 2019

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Recent years have seen the extensive use of phylogeographic approaches to unveil the dispersal history of virus epidemics. Spatially explicit reconstructions of viral spread represent valuable sources of lineage movement data that can be exploited to investigate the impact of underlying environmental layers on the dispersal of pathogens. Here, we performed phylogeographic inference and applied different post hoc approaches to analyse a new and comprehensive data set of viral genomes to elucidate the dispersal history and dynamics of rabies virus (RABV) in Iran, which have remained largely unknown. We first analysed the association between environmental factors and variations in dispersal velocity among lineages. Second, we present, test and apply a new approach to study the link between environmental conditions and the dispersal direction of lineages. The statistical performance (power of detection, false‐positive rate) of this new method was assessed using simulations. We performed phylogeographic analyses of RABV genomes, allowing us to describe the large diversity of RABV in Iran and to confirm the cocirculation of several clades in the country. Overall, we estimate a relatively high lineage dispersal velocity, similar to previous estimates for dog rabies virus spread in northern Africa. Finally, we highlight a tendency for RABV lineages to spread in accessible areas associated with high human population density. Our analytical workflow illustrates how phylogeographic approaches can be used to investigate the impact of environmental factors on several aspects of viral dispersal dynamics.

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“…Most of them focused on previously recognized reservoirs such as the Desmodus rotundus [ 4 ]. Nevertheless, in Peru, rabies virus (RABV) was also found in Histiotus montanus [ 13 , 14 ] and Artibeus lituratus [ 15 ]. In the Southern cone of South America, several species have been shown to be reservoirs of distinct lineages of rabies, including Tadarida sp., Artibeus lituratus , Eptesicus furinalis , Lasiurus ega and L .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioecological Drivers of Rabies Virus Circulation in a Neotropical Bat Community

et al. 2016

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IntroductionIn addition to the commonly accepted importance of the vampire bat in the maintenance and transmission of the rabies virus (RABV) in South America, RABV infection of other species is widely evidenced, challenging their role in the viral cycle.Methodology / Principles findingsTo identify the bioecological drivers of RABV circulation in neotropical bat communities, we conducted a molecular and serological survey on almost 1,000 bats from 30 species, and a 4-year longitudinal survey in two colonies of vampire bats in French Guiana. RABV was molecularly detected in a common vampire and in a frugivorous bat. The sequences corresponded to haematophagous bat-related strains and were close to viruses circulating in the Brazilian Amazon region. Species’ seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 20%, and the risk of seropositivity was higher in bats with a haematophagous diet, living in monospecific colonies and in dense forests. The longitudinal survey showed substantial temporal fluctuations, with individual waves of seroconversions and waning immunity. The high prevalences observed in bat communities, in most habitats and in species that do not share the same microhabitats and bioecological patterns, the temporal variations, and a rather short period of detectable antibodies as observed in recaptured vampires suggest (i) frequent exposure of animals, (ii) an ability of the infected host to control and eliminate the virus, (iii) more relaxed modes of exposure between bats than the commonly assumed infection via direct contact with saliva of infected animals, all of which should be further investigated.Conclusions / significanceWe hypothesize that RABV circulation in French Guiana is mainly maintained in the pristine forest habitats that may provide sufficient food resources to allow vampire bats, the main prevalent species, to survive and RABV to be propagated. However, on the forest edge and in disturbed areas, human activities may induce more insidious effects such as defaunation. One of the ecological consequences is the disappearance of resources for tertiary or secondary consumers. Populations of vampires may then shift to alternative resources such as cattle, domestic animals and humans. Therefore, a good forest status, allowing both a dilution effect in highly rich bat communities and the maintenance of large populations of medium-sized and large mammals used as prey by vampires, should prevent their migration to anthropized areas.

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Phylogeography of rabies virus isolated from herbivores and bats in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Phylogeography of the current rabies viruses in Indonesia

Phylogeography of the current rabies viruses in Indonesia

Using phylogeographic approaches to analyse the dispersal history, velocity and direction of viral lineages — Application to rabies virus spread in Iran

Bioecological Drivers of Rabies Virus Circulation in a Neotropical Bat Community

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