Phylogeography of Rattus norvegicus in the South Atlantic Ocean

Hingston, Melanie; Poncet, Sally; Passfield, Ken; Tabak, Michael A.; Gabriel, Sofia I.; Piertney, Stuart B.; Russell, James C.

doi:10.3390/d8040032

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In keeping with the earlier North Island introduction date, single base-pair mutations from the dominant haplogroup were only detected in the North Island. Similar within-archipelago independent introductions of R. norvegicus have also been found in the Falklands Islands (Hingston et al, 2016). Large gaps in our coverage of the South Island for R. norvegicus correspond with the extent of alpine and beech forest distribution in New Zealand (Wardle, 1984), from where R. norvegicus is seemingly absent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Phylogeography of Invasive Rats in New Zealand

2019

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Two species of invasive rats (Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) arrived in New Zealand with Europeans in the mid to late eighteenth and nineteenth century respectively. They rapidly spread across the main islands of New Zealand and its offshore islands, displacing the historically introduced R. exulans. Today both species are widespread although the distribution of the subdominant R. norvegicus is patchy. Tissue samples were obtained from 425 R. rattus and 130 R. norvegicus across the New Zealand archipelago and neighboring islands. We sequenced a standard 545 base pair section of the mitochondrial D-loop in order to construct a modern phylogeography of the two species and to make inference on historical invasion pathways and spread across the country. We found limited diversity in R. norvegicus haplotypes, with two widespread haplotypes across New Zealand and its offshore islands most likely corresponding to two independent invasions, potentially with English and Chinese origins, respectively. In contrast we found widespread diversity in R. rattus haplotypes across New Zealand and its offshore islands, most likely corresponding to at least four independent invasions to the main North and South Islands, Great Barrier Island archipelago, and Stewart Island archipelago. The most common R. rattus haplogroup was found throughout New Zealand and many of its offshore islands, as well as neighboring islands in the Tasman Sea, and has been documented elsewhere across the Pacific, but with European origins. We also found both geographic partitioning and secondary invasions of haplotypes within the main North and South Island. In addition to distinct haplogroups differing by over three base pairs, which exhibit geographical partitioning suggestive of independent invasion events, for both species we also found instances of single base-pair differences within localities, elevating haplotype diversity. The geographical distribution of pelage color morphs also correlates with haplotype distribution, lending further support to the hypothesis and role of independent invasion events.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Phylogeography of Invasive Rats in New Zealand

2019

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“…Louys et al (2020) suggested that the Black rat arrived in Nusa Tenggara prior to the widespread dispersal of the Pacific rat from Flores, the Pacific rat's likely point of origin. The Pacific rat record followed the pattern found by others showing that, once dispersal began, a major haplotype group spread quickly through Nusa Tenggara and into the Pacific (Thomson et al, 2014;Matisoo-Smith et al, 2014;Hingston, 2015;West et al, 2017). In Flores, Black rats do not appear in the record of Liang Luar until about 400 years ago, while Pacific rats are recorded from at least 2500 BP (St Pierre, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Late Quaternary mammal introduction and extinction records from archaeological cave deposits in Timor-Leste

Louys,

O'Connor,

Kealy

et al. 2023

Rec. Aust. Mus.

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Humans have influenced island biotas in the last few millennia through widespread forest clearances and the introduction of commensals and pest species, causing the extinction of island endemics around the world. This is particularly evident in Timor, where more than 40,000 years of human habitation produced few if any extinctions until the last few thousand years when Timor lost most of its endemic murids. We present new records and dates for endemic rodents and introduced fauna from archaeological cave deposits in Timor-Leste that captures this human-mediated transition. We discuss the chronology of faunal introductions and losses at these sites, and compare the Timor records to other records in surrounding islands. We find no directly dated evidence for significant overlap between the introduction of exotics and extinction of murid endemics at ecological timescales, although determining true extinction and introduction ages will require direct dating and modelling of taxon occurrences, which may bring extinction and introduction closer together in time. Nevertheless, we suggest that, based on current data, the almost complete loss of Timor's endemic forests were the primary driving force in rodent extinctions.Abstrak [Bahasa Indonesia]. Manusia telah memengaruhi keragaman biota pulau dalam beberapa milenia terakhir melalui pembabatan hutan yang luas dan introduksi spesies komensal dan hama, yang menyebabkan kepunahan hewan endemik pada beberapa pulau di seluruh dunia. Hal ini terutama terlihat di Timor, di mana lebih dari 40.000 tahun umur hunian manusia yang hanya menyebabkan sedikit atau hampir tidak ada kepunahan, sampai beberapa ribu tahun terakhir ketika Timor kehilangan sebagian besar tikus endemiknya. Kami menyajikan data dan penanggalan baru terkait tikus endemik dan fauna yang diintroduksi ke dalam pulau berdasarkan pada temuan dari gua arkeologi di Timor-Leste yang merekam perubahan yang disebabkan oleh manusia. Kami membahas kronologi introduksi fauna dan dampak negatif di lokasi-lokasi ini, dan membandingkan data di Timor dengan data lain di pulau-pulau sekitarnya. Kami 766 Records of the Australian Museum (2023) Vol. 75 tidak menemukan bukti penanggalan yang dapat dicocokkan korelasinya antara waktu pengenalan fauna eksotis dan kepunahan tikus endemik dalam skala waktu ekologis, walaupun menentukan usia kepunahan dan introduksi fauna yang sesungguhnya akan memerlukan penanggalan secara langsung dan pemodelan kemunculan taksonomi, yang mungkin dapat menunjukkan waktu kepunahan dan introduksi lebih dekat. Meskipun demikian, berdasarkan data yang ada saat ini, kami berpendapat bahwa hampir hilangnya hutan endemik di Timor merupakan faktor utama dalam kepunahan tikus.Rezumu [Tetum language]. Emar fó ona influénsia ba biota insulár sira iha miléniu hirak liubá, liuhusi tesi ai no hamate floresta (ai-laran) iha fatin barak no liuhusi hatama espésie komensál sira no kuit (praga), hodi provoka estinsaun ba espésie endémika insulár iha mundu tomak. Prosesu ida ne'e ita bele haree liuliu iha Timor, iha ne'e...

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Population Genomics of the House Mouse and the Brown Rat

Ullrich

Tautz

2020

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus) have long served as model systems for biomedical research. However, they are also excellent models for studying the evolution of populations, subspecies, and species. Within the past million years, they have spread in various waves across large parts of the globe, with the most recent spread in the wake of human civilization. They have developed into commensal species, but have also been able to colonize extreme environments on islands free of human civilization. Given that ample genomic and genetic resources are available for these species, they have thus also become ideal mammalian systems for evolutionary studies on adaptation and speciation, particularly in the combination with the rapid developments in population genomics. The chapter provides an overview of the systems and their history, as well as of available resources.

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Phylogeography of Rattus norvegicus in the South Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Phylogeography of Invasive Rats in New Zealand

Phylogeography of Invasive Rats in New Zealand

Late Quaternary mammal introduction and extinction records from archaeological cave deposits in Timor-Leste

Population Genomics of the House Mouse and the Brown Rat

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