Phylogeography, Transmission, and Viral Proteins of Nipah Virus

Sun, Bo; Jia, Lijia; Liang, Bing; Chen, Quanjiao; Liu, Di

doi:10.1007/s12250-018-0050-1

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Habitat selection and behavioral differences can further limit contact, even if species are nominally sympatric 19 . Some viruses may spread environmentally between spatially-proximate species with no direct behavioral contact 20 , but generally, sharing is more likely among species with more ecological overlap 21 . Even among species in close contact, most spillovers are still a dead end; progressively smaller subsets of viruses can infect novel host cells, proliferate, and transmit onward in a new host 18 .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change will drive novel cross-species viral transmission

Carlson

Albery

Merow

et al. 2020

Preprint

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14Between 10,000 and 600,000 species of mammal virus are estimated to have the 15 potential to spread in human populations, but the vast majority are currently cir-16 culating in wildlife, largely undescribed and undetected by disease outbreak surveil-17 lance 1,2,3 . In addition, changing climate and land use drive geographic range shifts 18 in wildlife, producing novel species assemblages and opportunities for viral sharing 19 between previously isolated species 4,5 . In some cases, this will inevitably facilitate 20 spillover into humans 6,7 -a possible mechanistic link between global environmental 21 change and emerging zoonotic disease 8 . Here, we map potential hotspots of viral 22 sharing, using a phylogeographic model of the mammal-virus network, and projec-23 tions of geographic range shifts for 3,870 mammal species under climate change and 24 land use scenarios for the year 2070. Shifting mammal species are predicted to ag-25 gregate at high elevations, in biodiversity hotspots, and in areas of high human pop-26 ulation density in Asia and Africa, sharing novel viruses between 3,000 and 13,000 27 times. Counter to expectations, holding warming under 2°C within the century 28 does not reduce new viral sharing, due to greater range expansions-highlighting 29 the need to invest in surveillance even in a low-warming future. Most projected vi-30 ral sharing is driven by diverse hyperreservoirs (rodents and bats) and large-bodied 31 predators (carnivores). Because of their unique dispersal capacity, bats account for 32 the majority of novel viral sharing, and are likely to share viruses along evolutionary 33 pathways that could facilitate future emergence in humans. Our findings highlight 34 the urgent need to pair viral surveillance and discovery efforts with biodiversity 35 surveys tracking range shifts, especially in tropical countries that harbor the most 36 emerging zoonoses. 37 2 Main Text 38In the face of rapid environmental change, survival for many species depends on moving 39 to track shifting climates. Even in a best case scenario, many species are projected 40 to shift a hundred kilometers or more in the next century 9,10 . In the process, many 41 animals will bring their parasites and pathogens into new environments 4,11 , creating new 42 evolutionary opportunities for host jumps 8 . Most conceptual frameworks for cross-species 43 transmission revolve around how these host jumps facilitate the spillover of new zoonotic 44 pathogens into humans 12,13,14 , but viral evolution is an undirected process 15 , in which 45 humans are only one of over 5,000 mammal species with over 12 million possible pairwise 46 combinations 16 . Despite their indisputable significance, zoonotic emergence events are 47 just the tip of the iceberg; almost all cross-species transmission events will occur among 48 wild mammals, largely undetected and mostly inconsequential for public health. 49Of the millions of possible pairwise viral exchanges, the vast majority are biologically 50 implausible, as host specie...

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change will drive novel cross-species viral transmission

Carlson

Albery

Merow

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The fact that most of the areas affected by strain-specific mutations lie near the C-terminus of N protein (Figs. [3][4][5], which represent or are located in close proximity to the regions that bind to the P protein ( Fig. 5), suggests that the greater disorder of the more virulent strains may be involved in modulating the aforementioned functions of the viral proteins N, P, and L. It is likely that the regions of greater disorder found in the more virulent strains, such as that shown in pink in Fig.…”

Section: C-terminus Of N Protein Touches P Protein: the Focal Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the pigs were initially infected by eating fruits that were partially eaten by fruits bats, which had left their virus-laden saliva behind (4)(5)(6). Upon isolation and sequencing of the virus, it was revealed that the culprit was a novel RNA virus from Paramyxoviridae family, which includes the Hendra (HeV), mumps (MuV), and measles (MeV) viruses [4][5][6][7]. The symptoms for Nipah infections often include an initial flu-like fever that often follows by irritations, coma, and then death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah shell disorder, modes of infection, and virulence

Goh¹,

Dunker

Foster

et al. 2020

Microbial Pathogenesis

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“…SADS-CoV is probably the first bat-derived coronavirus that is found to infect pig directly in recent years. Pigs are regarded as mixing vessels and intermediate hosts of several viruses, such as avian influenza A viruses and Nipah virus (Sun et al 2018;Wang et al 2018). Given that a novel swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) is generated by the recombination of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and PEDV, recombination between SADS-CoV and other swine coronaviruses cannot be excluded (Akimkin et al 2016;Boniotti et al 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%