Physical abuse in Canadian runaway adolescents

Risk Factors for Trading Sex among Homeless Young Adults

“…The current study also revealed that having friends who traded sex was a risk factor for youth themselves trading sex. Research finds that being taken advantage of by friends and partners is not uncommon among street youth (Janus et al, 1995;. It is possible that the youth in the current study were coerced by their friends to trade sex or may have felt obligated to do so.…”

“…One qualitative study found that homeless young women were often coerced or pressured by friends or partners to trade sex because these people also benefit from this exchange by obtaining money or drugs (Tyler & Johnson, 2006). Being taken advantage of by friends and partners is not uncommon among street youth (Janus, Archambault, Brown, & Welsh, 1995;Tyler, Hoyt, Whitbeck, & Cauce, 2004). As such, homeless youth may not only be coerced by their partners to do things that they do not want to, such as being forced to have sex with them, but it is expected that partner sexual coercion will also be associated with homeless young adults trading sex.…”

Needs assessment of runaway females in Iran from an occupational therapy perspective

“…Classical research examining the causes behind running away indicated that there was a correlation between running away and family stability, poor living conditions and problematic adolescent behaviour (Robins, 1958;Robins and O'Neal, 1959;Hildebrand, 1968). Recent literature has described a relationship between runaway behaviour in adolescence and a history of maltreatment as a child (Janus et al, 1995;Kaufman and Widom, 1999;Ryan et al, 2000).…”

“…Female adolescent runaways are particularly vulnerable to adjustment difficulties, compared with male adolescent runaways (Janus et al, 1995;Molnar et al, 1998). Family abuse, including physical abuse, is a strong correlate of high-risk sexual behaviours among female adolescents, and prostitution may be among the sequelae of abuse.…”

Rough living: Surviving violence & homelessness

“…A concern for most researchers has been to generate nationally comparative rates of victimisation for those homeless in order to evidence and highlight their alarmingly disproportionate experience of violence. Studies are commonly split in their concentration on either homeless people's experiences of childhood victimisation within family homes (Janus et al 1995;Thrane et al 2006) or their experiences of victimisation within recent periods of homelessness (Alder 1991;Ballintyne 1999;Gaetz 2004;Kipke et al 1997;Larney et al 2009;Newburn & Rock 2005), though a few offer epidemiologic overviews of lifetime experiences of trauma and violence (Buhrich, Hodder & Teesson 2000;North, Smith & Spitznagel 1994;Taylor & Sharpe 2008). Further, many researchers focus on the experience of a particular form of violent victimisation and its relationship to homelessness, for example, domestic and family violence (Browne 1993;Tually et al 2008), childhood sexual and physical abuse (Tyler et al 2001;Wenzel, Koegel & Gelberg 2000), and rape and sexual assault (Goodman, Fels & Glenn 2006;Morrison 2009;Wenzel, Leake & Gelberg 2001. In contrast, this project aimed to develop a qualitative overview of the cyclical and enmeshed relationship of violence and homelessness and to examine the context and impact of violence throughout the life paths of those who become homeless.…”