Physical activity, adiponectin, and cardiovascular structure and function

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) may modify cardiovascular structure and function as well as insulin sensitivity and level of plasma adipokines in relation to its extent, duration, and intensity. To evaluate the associations of average daily PA and bouts of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA with cardiovascular and metabolic measures, 45 healthy volunteers (mean age = 42 ± 9 years) not involved in regular intensive exercise training and competitive sport activity underwent the following examinations: (1) accelerometer monitoring of ambulatory movements (average monitoring time = 6.1 ± 1.3 days); (2) complete carotid and cardiac ultrasound; (3) measurement of carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity; (4) anthropometric measurements; (5) euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp; and (6) assessment of plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Average PA measured by accelerometer correlated with carotid beta-stiffness index (inversely) and with longitudinal systolic myocardial velocity (directly), independently of age, anthropometric, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters. Subjects with periods of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA lasting at least 10 min (n = 28) had higher left ventricular (LV) mass index and lower plasma adiponectin, leptin, and hsCRP (P < 0.05 for all) compared with those who spent the monitoring time only in sedentary and light-intensity PA (n = 17). Minutes per day spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA correlated with LV mass index (directly) and with plasma adiponectin (inversely). Plasma adiponectin was an independent determinant of LV mass, together with body surface area, stroke volume, and systolic blood pressure (cumulative r (2) = 0.80). We conclude that in healthy subjects, average daily PA is independently related to longitudinal systolic myocardial function and to local carotid stiffness. Bouts of moderate-to-vigorous PA seem to induce LV mass increase, which may be partially related to a decrease in plasma adiponectin level.

Higher Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Aortic Stiffness but Not With Central Blood Pressure

“… 14 In contrast, accelerometer-assessed physical activity was not associated with aPWV in a small study conducted in young to middle-aged adults at low cardiovascular risk. 28 The lack of an association could be due to the population being younger than ours and at low-risk, consequently having less variation in aPWV. It could also be because accelerometry estimates physical activity less accurately compared to combined accelerometer and heart rate monitoring, and thus potentially yields smaller variation in estimated physical activity.…”

Adiponectin is Not Associated With Blood Pressure in Normotensives and Untreated Hypertensives With Normal Kidney Function

“… 53 Contrary to this, Kozakova et al found that moderate to vigorous physical activity is related to a decrease in adiponectin. 54 …”

Irisin, an exercise‐induced myokine as a metabolic regulator: an updated narrative review

“…Similarly, physical activity or exercise can improve the cognitive function of brain at each age stage . Moreover, physical activity or exercise not only can enhance cardiovascular and immune functions but also can improve neurotrophic factor pathway that is critical to cognitive capability . Therefore, regular exercise training or physical activity plays an important role in the modulation of immune and anti‐inflammation functions, which can enhance the cognitive capability of older people or individuals with neuropathy.…”

“…A large number of studies show that physical activity can effectively improve the cognitive function of the brain at each age stage, especially for the elderly who are the most susceptible to degenerative nerve disorder . Physical activity not only can improve the function of cardiovascular and immune systems but also can improve the neurotrophic factor pathway because the structure and function of the nervous system are vital to human cognitive capability . Recent studies suggest that the release of muscle cytokines during muscle movement will affect the synthesis of BDNF in hippocampal dentate gyrus, as a novel substance is considered as an important regulating factor for therapeutic implication .…”