Physical Activity, Aging, and Psychological Well-Being

McAuley, Edward; Rudolph, David L.

doi:10.1123/japa.3.1.67

Cited by 250 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Review articles concentrated mostly on affective ( 1 Reviews of studies with the aged a Reviews of studies with the aged concept of well-being. Other authors, in contrast, concentrated on positive aspects of well-being [8] or even exclusively on positive affect [17,18]. (c) Whereas some authors limited themselves exclusively to single or only a few demarcated areas of SWB (e.g., [17,18,42,45,46]), others covered all or the majority of categories addressed here (e.g., [7,9,47]).…”

Section: Use Of Swb In Exercise-related Secondary Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, either features of exercise variables, environmental variables, or particular characteristics of participants are identified that have a more or less confirmed effect on SWB. For example, it is assumed that exercise can bring about a stronger gain in self-efficacy with increasing age [66].…”

Section: Statistical Moderation Versus Theoretical and Content-relatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As McAuley and Rudolph ( [8], p. 69) have pointed out so aptly in their overview, SWB is frequently "whatever an investigator has identified as being the psychological dependent measure in his/her investigation." Rejeski and Mihalko ( [5], p. 24) have added that "if quality of life [or SWB, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, McAuley and Rudolph ( [8], p. 68) have written: "Although many studies extol the almost intuitive psychological benefits of exercise, just as many fail to find any association." It is only additional moderator analyses that reveal what are, in part, very special subgroups in which more reliable estimates of the true relationship can be made.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective well-being and exercise in the second half of life: a critical review of theoretical approaches

Lehnert

Sudeck

Conzelmann

2012

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Research has shown repeatedly that the "feeling better" effect of exercise is far more moderate than generally claimed. Examinations of subgroups in secondary analyses also indicate that numerous further variables influence this relationship. One reason for inconsistencies in this research field is the lack of adequate theoretical analyses. Well-being output variables frequently possess no construct definition, and little attention is paid to moderating and mediating variables. This article integrates the main models in an overview and analyzes how secondary analyses define well-being and which areas of the construct they focus on. It then applies a moderator and/or mediator framework to examine which person and environmental variables can be found in the existing explanatory approaches in sport science and how they specify the influence of these moderating and mediating variables. Results show that the broad understanding of well-being in many secondary analyses makes findings difficult to interpret. Moreover, physiological explanatory approaches focus more on affective changes in well-being, whereas psychological approaches also include cognitive changes. The approaches focus mostly on either physical or psychological person variables and rarely combine the two, as in, for example, the dual-mode model. Whereas environmental variables specifying the treatment more closely (e.g., its intensity) are comparatively frequent, only the social support model formulates variables such as the framework in which exercise is presented. The majority of explanatory approaches use simple moderator and/or mediator models such as the basic mediated (e.g., distraction hypothesis) or multiple mediated (e.g., monoamine hypotheses) model. The discussion draws conclusions for future research.Keywords Well-being . Exercise . Mediation . Moderation . Explanatory approaches Everyday assumptions about the effects of exercise on wellbeing are unanimously positive-as numerous popular science books confirm with promising titles such as The aerobics programs for total well-being [1] or Life skills: 225 ready-to-use health activities for success and well-being [2]. Even in the early years of scientific research in this field, few would have disagreed with the statement that "the 'feeling better' sensation that accompanies regular physical activity is so obvious that it is one of the few universally accepted benefits of exercise" ([3], p. 306). Nonetheless, a host of primary studies carried out between 1960 and the mid-1990s delivered no unequivocal confirmation of this hypothesis. As a result, studies since the 1990s have increasingly been integrated and compared in both narrative (e.g., [4,5]) and meta-analytic reviews (e.g., [6,7]).In contrast to popular science claims, quantitative secondary analyses reveal that the overall effects on (subjective) well-being (SWB) 1 are not only small but also show a great deal of variation. For example, McAuley and Rudolph ([8], p. 68) have written: "Although many studies extol the almost intui...

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Section: Use Of Swb In Exercise-related Secondary Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Moderation Versus Theoretical and Content-relatementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective well-being and exercise in the second half of life: a critical review of theoretical approaches

Lehnert

Sudeck

Conzelmann

2012

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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“…In most studies, the frequency of exercise varied from 2 to 5 days per week (M=3.54) and 54 min, sessions (McAuley & Rudolf, 1995). However the benefit of lower frequency training regiments has not been adequately addressed (Valliant & Asu, 1985) and, therefore, the minimum stimulus required to facilitate improvement of functional status is not well established in older populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of an Outdoor Recreational Exercise Program on Selected Physical Abilities Among Elderly

Matsouka

Trigonis²,

Trevlas³

et al. 2008

IJSMaRT

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This study evaluated the effects of a 12 week outdoor recreational exercise program on the functional capacity of 45 sedentary elderly people, aged 60 to 75 years.The functional capacity variables were comprised of dynamic balance, muscular endurance, sit and reach flexibility, and muscular coordination. Participants were allocated to one exercise group (n= 30) and one control group (n=15). Exercise was performed for one hour twice a week for the experimental group, whereas the control group did not participate in any kind of exercise. Participants were pre and post-tested for the selected variables. Significant differences (p<. 05) were found between the exercise and non-exercise groups. The main effects of the training program were significant for all four variables examined, indicating that subjects who participated in the exercise program had a significant higher level of physical abilities than the control group. Findings are discussed in terms of design and measurement improvements and the need to focus research efforts on multiple components of wellbeing in relation to fitness level in the elderly.

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Other Health Benefits of Physical Activity

Shephard¹

2000

Endurance in Sport

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Physical Activity, Aging, and Psychological Well-Being

Cited by 250 publications

References 54 publications

Subjective well-being and exercise in the second half of life: a critical review of theoretical approaches

Subjective well-being and exercise in the second half of life: a critical review of theoretical approaches

The Effects of an Outdoor Recreational Exercise Program on Selected Physical Abilities Among Elderly

Other Health Benefits of Physical Activity

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