Physical activity among women of low socioeconomic status living with HIV in two major cities of Brazil and Mozambique: A cross-sectional comparative study

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Physical activity (PA) may reduce cardiovascular risk and preserve functional capacity of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, only limited research objectively measured PA in patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) in low-income countries, particularly in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. This study compared the PA assessed by accelerometers in women of low SES living with HIV under common antiretroviral therapy (cART) from two major cities in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, n=33; 40.1±6.1 years) and Mozambique (Maputo, n=50; 38.8±8.7 years). METHODS: Eligible women wore triaxial accelerometers during seven consecutive days, to estimate their habitual PA and daily energy expenditure. RESULTS: The proportion of participants with overweight/obesity was greater in Rio than Maputo (57% vs . 30%; p =0.021), as well as those classified as sedentary based on steps/day (45% vs. 22%; p =0.02). Sedentary time was prevalent (Median±IQD: Rio-1236±142 vs. Maputo-1192±135 min/day; p =0.15). Time spent in PA was short, but Brazilians exhibited lower amount of light (111±56 vs. 145±51 min/day; p <0.001) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (88±3 vs. 64±36 min/day; p =0.001) vs. Mozambicans. The proportion of patients performing 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA were 58% (Rio) and 82% (Maputo), respectively. Despite of this, estimated daily energy expenditure was equivalent in both groups (1976±579 vs. 1933±492 kcal; p =0.731). CONCLUSIONS: Women with low SES living with HIV in Maputo were more active vs. patients from Rio de Janeiro. Albeit sedentary behavior was prevalent, the proportion of patients complying with the minimum recommended PA for health was higher than values usually reported in developed countries.

The Role of the Social Determinants of Health on Engagement in Physical Activity or Exercise among Adults Living with HIV: A Scoping Review

“…Table 1 describes the characteristics of the included articles. Among the 41 included articles, 35 (85%) were research studies involving primary data collection [ 21 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ] one (2%) was a secondary analysis [ 68 ], three (7%) were systematic reviews [ 69 , 70 , 71 ], and two (5%) were narrative reviews [ 22 , 72 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…Study Design: Among the 35 studies involving primary data collection, 23 (66%) were quantitative [ 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], eight (23%) qualitative [ 21 , 36 , 39 , 41 , 47 , 55 , 56 , 58 ], and four (11%) mixed method studies [ 43 , 46 , 60 , 67 ]. Among the 23 quantitative studies, 18 (78%) studies were cross-sectional [ 34 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 ], two (9%) cohort studi...…”

“…Study Location: Among the 35 studies involving primary data collection, study locations included the United States ( n = 10; 28%) [ 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 49 , 55 , 56 , 59 , 64 , 65 ], South Africa ( n = 5; 14%) [ 41 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 60 ], Uganda ( n = 3; 8%) [ 38 , 63 , 67 ], Malawi ( n = 2; 6%) [ 34 , 53 ], Canada ( n = 2; 6%) [ 21 , 58 ], and the UK [ 57 ], Vietnam [ 42 ], Rwanda [ 45 ], China [ 48 ], France [ 47 ], Brazil [ 62 ], Thailand [ 54 ], Switzerland [ 61 ], Columbia [ 46 ], and Nigeria [ 44 ] one study each (3%). Three studies (8%) involved more than one study location [ 37 , 43 , 66 ].…”

“…We described characteristics of included articles using frequencies and percent for categorical variables and content analytical techniques for text data (e.g., author’s results and conclusions related to PA and SDOH) [ 25 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The research team met four times throughout this step to discuss our synthesis and reporting of results.…”

Body composition, physical fitness and physical activity in Mozambican children and adolescents living with HIV

“…Therefore, it is necessary to consider other factors that determine the usual practice of activity, such as environmental, sociodemographic, biological, psychological, cognitive, and sociocultural, among others [ 66 ]. For example, Mangona et al [ 67 ] demonstrated that high levels of physical activity in adult women living with HIV and undergoing ART was associated with cultural and survival factors, and not only with the pathological and physical determinants of the disease.…”