Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering in Young Adults with Obesity

Abstract

Introduction There is a paucity of information on the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults and how this clustering may vary based on whether or not they perform sufficient levels of physical activity. Methods We analyzed baseline data from 346 young adults (23.3 ± 4.4 yr) participating in the Healthy Body Healthy U clinical trial from 2015 to 2018. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured according to standard procedures and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) was determined by accelerometry. A cardiometabolic clustering score (ranging from 0 to 5) was created from five biomarkers according to whether or not a standard clinical risk cut point was exceeded (0, no; 1, yes): abdominal circumference (>102 cm (men) or >88 cm (women)), hemoglobin A1c (≥5.7%), HDL cholesterol (<40 mg·dL−1 (men) or <50 mg·dL−1 (women)), systolic blood pressure (≥130 mm Hg), and diastolic blood pressure (≥85 mm Hg). Cardiometabolic dysregulation (CD) was defined as a cardiometabolic clustering score ≥3. Multiple logistic regression determined the independent association between level of MVPA and CD, while adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, sedentary time, and smoking. Results The prevalence of CD was 18% (22% in men, 17% in women). We observed a nonlinear graded association between MVPA and CD. Participants performing 150–300 min·wk−1 of MVPA significantly lowered their odds of CD by 66% (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.75), whereas those exceeding 300 min·wk−1 lowered their odds by 61% (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.86) compared with those performing <150 min·wk−1, independent of obesity and the other covariables. Conclusion Recommended levels of moderate-intensity physical activity is significantly associated with lower odds of CD and thus may prevent or diminish the need for expensive pharmaceutical treatment over the remainder of the life-span.

The effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in abdominally obese women: a randomised trial

“…Physical activity provides numerous benefits for obese subjects. Together with diet, exercises play an important role in the primary prevention and management of excessive body weight 6 – 9 mostly due to favourable impact on body composition, prevention of obesity-related diseases and improve cardiometabolic parameters 10 – 12 . Therefore, the American College of Sports Medicine 13 , 14 , the European College of Sport Science 15 and the American Heart Association 8 recommend a minimum of 30 min of moderate-intensity endurance training five days per week or a minimum of 20 min of vigorous endurance activity three days per week.…”

Food Liking-Based Diet Quality Indexes (DQI) Generated by Conceptual and Machine Learning Explained Variability in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults

“…Greater abdominal or trunk adiposity in young adults results in greater risk of cardiometabolic risk in later adulthood [8,9]. Healthy behaviors, such as physical activity [10] and a healthy overall diet, can decrease the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The healthiness of the diet or diet quality may provide a better predictor of disease risk [11] than specific nutrients [12] or restricted food patterns [13].…”

Association between health behaviours and cardiometabolic dysregulation: a population-based survey among healthy adults in Hong Kong

“…The presence of individual or combination of cardiometabolic risk factors has been termed 'cardiometabolic dysregulation' (CMD) or 'cardiometabolic risk' in the literature; a composite CMD score has been conveniently calculated as the simple count of cardiometabolic biomarkers in the respective high-risk ranges according to clinical criteria, which has the potential to be applied to different populations and would allow comparison across different studies. [31][32][33] Similar to AL, increased CMD was associated with stressful and traumatic life experiences, 34 cognitive decline, 32 and HRBs. 31 33 Shi et al 31 demonstrated that more healthy lifestyle behaviours, including abstinence from smoking, regular exercise, sufficient fruit and vegetable intake, less meat intake, modest alcohol intake and less television viewing time, were associated with reduced CMD among two generations of adults in the USA and Canada.…”

“…[31][32][33] Similar to AL, increased CMD was associated with stressful and traumatic life experiences, 34 cognitive decline, 32 and HRBs. 31 33 Shi et al 31 demonstrated that more healthy lifestyle behaviours, including abstinence from smoking, regular exercise, sufficient fruit and vegetable intake, less meat intake, modest alcohol intake and less television viewing time, were associated with reduced CMD among two generations of adults in the USA and Canada. However, no study has yet examined the relationship between CMD and various HRBs among the younger healthy Asian adult population.…”