Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study)

Andersen, Lars Bo; Harro, Maarike; Sardinha, Luís B.; Fröberg, Karsten; Ekelund, Ulf; Brage, Sören; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69075-2

Cited by 1,253 publications

(1,218 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The inverse association seems to be consistent with some findings in adolescent studies (32)(33)(34) although others do not find these associations with insulin resistance markers (35) . The clinical value of fasting glucose as a risk biomarker has been questioned, although in our study there were significant differences between CRF groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Non-traditional markers of metabolic risk in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

Llorente-Cantarero

Pérez-Navero

Benítez-Sillero

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess classical and non-classical metabolic risk biomarkers in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Design: CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. To estimate physical activity, participants were observed while engaged in an after-school programme. Additionally, a short test based on a validated questionnaire was used to obtain information about physical activity practice and sedentary habits. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and classical and non-traditional metabolic risk biomarkers -plasma lipid profile, glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), plasma uric acid, transaminases and C-reactive protein (CRP) -were measured. Setting: The study was conducted in local elementary schools in Córdoba, Spain. Subjects: One hundred and forty-one healthy children (eighty-eight boys, fiftythree girls) aged 7-12 years, in Tanner stage I, were recruited. They were divided into two groups after they performed the 20 m shuttle run test: equal or higher cardiovascular fitness (EHCF) group and low cardiovascular fitness (LCF) group. Results: The LCF group displayed significantly higher TAG (P 5 0?004) and lower HDL cholesterol levels (P 5 0?001), as well as significantly lower values for the non-traditional lipid marker apo-A1 (P 5 0?001) compared with the EHCF group. The LCF children displayed higher plasma glucose (P 5 0?003) and insulin levels, higher HOMA-IR scores (P , 0?001) and higher plasma uric acid and CRP levels (P , 0?05). After adjustment for BMI, age and sex, no statistically significant differences were found between groups for the biomarkers analysed. Conclusions: The study provides new information to understand the role not only of weight status but also of the level of CRF on the metabolic health profile of prepubertal children. Keywords Physical fitness Physical activity Metabolic biomarkers ChildhoodThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors driven by peripheral insulin resistance. Data from recent studies involving a population of children and adolescents indicate that the prevalence of MetS varies between 3 % and 12 % (1)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Non-traditional markers of metabolic risk in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

Llorente-Cantarero

Pérez-Navero

Benítez-Sillero

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…41 In fact, there are no studies examining the association of low-grade inflammation with objectively measured physical activity in prepubertal children. Platat et al 15 showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin resistance were negatively associated with organized leisure-time physical activity independent of adiposity and fat localization in children aged 12 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine the associations of low-grade inflammation with objectively measured physical activity, cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness in prepubertal children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: One hundred and forty-two children (74 boys and 68 girls) aged 9-10 years (pubertal stage I and II) from the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study. Measurements: Total physical activity and its intensity levels (moderate, vigorous, moderate þ vigorous) were measured by accelerometry. CVF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. The measured low-grade inflammatory markers include C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement factors C3 and C4. Results: C-reactive protein and C3 were negatively associated with CVF (b ¼ À0.254 and À0.267, respectively, Po0.05) and positively associated with body fat (b ¼ 0.439 and 0.446, respectively, Po0.001), after controlling for sex, age and pubertal development. C-reactive protein and C3 were not significantly associated with CVF once body fat was in the model. Low-grade inflammation was not associated with physical activity, but physical activity was associated with CVF. Conclusions:The results showed that low-grade inflammatory markers were negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat in prepubertal children. For most of the variables, the influence of fatness was slightly higher than the influence of CVF. The findings suggest that the potential beneficial effects of physical activity on low-grade inflammation may be explained by its association with CVF. Understanding the interplay between physical activity, CVF and fatness may be of importance to reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young people.

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“…A high health-related physical fitness level focuses on optimum health and prevents the onset of disease and problems associated with inactivity at all ages. [1][2][3][4] The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study 5 includes a thorough assessment of health-related physical fitness. For this purpose, a set of standardized tests has been chosen, and the scientific rationale for their selection has been published elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of health-related physical fitness tests in European adolescents. The HELENA Study

et al. 2008

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Objective: To examine the reliability of a set of health-related physical fitness tests used in the European Union-funded Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study on lifestyle and nutrition among adolescents. Design: A set of physical fitness tests was performed twice in a study sample, 2 weeks apart, by the same researchers. Participants: A total of 123 adolescents (69 males and 54 females, aged 13.6 ± 0.8 years) from 10 European cities participated in the study. Measurements: Flexibility, muscular fitness, speed/agility and aerobic capacity were tested using the back-saver sit and reach, handgrip, standing broad jump, Bosco jumps (squat jump, counter movement jump and Abalakov jump), bent arm hang, 4 Â 10 m shuttle run, and 20-m shuttle run tests. Results: The ANOVA analysis showed that neither systematic bias nor sex differences were found for any of the studied tests, except for the back-saver sit and reach test, in which a borderline significant sex difference was observed (P ¼ 0.044). The Bland-Altman plots graphically showed the reliability patterns, in terms of systematic errors (bias) and random error (95% limits of agreement), of the physical fitness tests studied. The observed systematic error for all the fitness assessment tests was nearly 0. Conclusions: Neither a learning nor a fatigue effect was found for any of the physical fitness tests when repeated. The results also suggest that reliability did not differ between male and female adolescents. Collectively, it can be stated that the reliability of the set of physical fitness tests examined in this study is acceptable. The data provided contribute to a better understanding of physical fitness assessment in young people.

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Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study)

Cited by 1,253 publications

References 19 publications

Non-traditional markers of metabolic risk in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

Non-traditional markers of metabolic risk in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

Reliability of health-related physical fitness tests in European adolescents. The HELENA Study

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