Physical Activity and Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

Cumming, David C.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021419

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…A relationship between physical activity and females’ reproductive hormonal axis was found to have either beneficial or detrimental effect according to the pattern, frequency and intensity practiced [ 22 ]. While an optimal level of regular exercise is essential to maintain substantial health benefits, females practicing prolonged vigorous activities are usually exposed to various reproductive health risks [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among females in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A case-control study

Dhair

Abed

2020

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Physical activity and energy state balance have fundamentally been related to reproductive system and health. This study explored the relationship between different types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among women in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods A case-control study was conducted in Gaza Strip with the participation of 320 married couples. 160 infertile couples were chosen from five fertility centers registries from 2016 to 2018 and matched residentially with 160 fertile couples. Cases were selected through systematic stratified sampling of five lists categorized according to residency and the determined percentage selected from each list was proportional. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire extended by the short form of international physical activity questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS program version 22 by using descriptive analysis, independent T-test, cross-tabulation, and binary logistic regression. Results Low frequency, intensity and duration of physical activity were associated with 3.1 risk of primary infertility (95% CI, 1.60–5.99, P < 0.001). Adjustment for age, marital age, age of menarche, refugee status and monthly income provided 3.2 risk (95% CI, 1.55–6.60, P = 0.002). Women spending more than 300 minutes a day sedentarily were 2.3 times more likely to have fertility problems than physically active females. Measuring energy expenditure in MET-min/w (Metabolic Equivalent) showed vigorous MET-min/w as negatively associated with the infertility status of females (Interquartile range IQR: 480 for cases and 720 for controls, P = 0.010). On the basis of energy expended in kilocalories in relation to weight, results showed the same association (IQR: 564 for case and 864 for controls, P = 0.011). No associations were found between moderate activity levels and primary infertility. Conclusion Low levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle endanger the fertility status of females in Gaza Strip. This may offer the need for endorsing and formalizing adequate physical activity education and awareness protocols in the national reproductive health guidelines and empowering environmental capacity building to alter physical activity-related cultural norms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among females in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A case-control study

Dhair

Abed

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Clinical studies examining irregular menstrual cycling and distance running have found conflicting results, some finding dysfunction (anovulation) associated with increased mileage run (average age: 29), while others have not (49). Some studies of female runners, particularly focused on distance running, have been correlated with hormone imbalance and changes in menarche (11,51). Lower estradiol and progesterone levels and shorter luteal length has been found in runners (average age: 23) with both regular and irregular cycles (49,52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Athletic performance in females may also contribute to sex hormone dysfunction. Distance running has been associated with irregular menstrual cycling and delayed menarche and pubertal onset in adolescent females, and increased distance run has been correlated with increased menstrual cycle irregularity (11,12). Female athletes are particularly at risk for low energy availability potentially due to disordered eating, low bone mineral density, and menstrual dysfunction, commonly known as the Female Athlete Triad (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Neurophysiological Changes Following Voluntary Exercise in Adolescent Rats

et al. 2021

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Background: Adolescence is a period of time characterized by the onset of puberty and is marked by cognitive and social developments and gross physical changes that can play a role in athletic performance. Sex differences are present with differences in body size, height, physiology and behavior which contribute to differences in athletic performance as well. Pre-clinical studies representing this active group are lacking.Methods: Acute and chronic effects of exercise were evaluated. Male and female adolescent rats were given voluntary access to a running wheel for 10 consecutive days. Running behavior (males and females) and estrous cycling (females only) were analyzed daily. A second group was given 10 days of voluntary access to a running wheel, then rested for 10 days to determine the long-term effects of exercise on the adolescent brain. Brain and muscle tissue were harvested at 10 and 20 day time points to understand exercise-dependent changes in mitochondrial activity and neuroplasticity. Animal cohorts were carried out at two different sites: University of California Los Angeles and Pepperdine University.Results: On average, running distance, intensity of run, and length of running bout increased for both male and female rats across the 10 days measured. Females ran significantly further and for longer intervals compared to males. Cortical and muscle expression of PGC1α showed similar levels at 10 days regardless of sex and exercise. There was a significant increase in expression at 20 days in all groups correlating with body size (p's < 0.05). Cortical and hippocampal levels of BDNF were similar across all groups, however, BDNF was significantly higher in exercised females at the acute compared to long-term time point.Discussion: Adolescent rats allowed 10 days of exercise show changes in physiologic function. There are sex differences in running behavior not impacted by sex hormones. These results are important to further our understanding of how exercise impacts the adolescent brain.

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“…The relationship between energy expenditure and female reproductive function has been studied with respect to both exercise and sports in the developed world and physical activity in traditional populations. Among female athletes, research has focused on heightened physical activity, weight loss, and impaired reproductive function (Cumming 1990;Ellison 1990;Rosetta 1993Rosetta , 1995. Among traditional populations, an increase in female activity levels has been associated with postpartum anovulation (Panter-Brick 1991; Panter-Brick and Ellison 1994).…”

Section: Labor Efficiency Female Energy Balance and Reproductive Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Labor‐Saving Technology on Longitudinal Fertility Changes

Kramer¹,

McMillan²

2006

Current Anthropology

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Physical Activity and Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

Cited by 14 publications

References 87 publications

The association of types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among females in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A case-control study

The association of types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among females in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A case-control study

Sex Differences in Neurophysiological Changes Following Voluntary Exercise in Adolescent Rats

The Effect of Labor‐Saving Technology on Longitudinal Fertility Changes

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