Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment

Angevaren, Maaike; Aufdemkampe, Geert; Verhaar, H.J.J.; Alemán, André; Vanhees, Luc

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005381.pub3

Cited by 791 publications

(660 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Intervention (Kramer et al 1999;Renaud et al 2010b;Langlois et al 2012) as well as cross sectional (Renaud et al 2010a;Boucard et al 2012;Berryman et al 2013) and longitudinal (Yaffe et al 2001;Barnes et al 2003;Larson et al 2006) studies suggest that higher physical fitness levels are associated with better cognitive functions. Different review articles and meta-analyses of intervention studies also support these results, which tend to confirm the beneficial effects of physical activity on cognitive functions and mental health in older adults (Smith et al 2010;Colcombe and Kramer 2003;Hillman et al 2008;Voss et al 2011;Angevaren et al 2008;Matta Mello Portugal et al 2013). Moreover, it seems that physical fitness has a selective enhancing effect on executive functions (Kramer et al 1999;Colcombe and Kramer 2003;Smiley-Oyen et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Multiple roads lead to Rome: combined high-intensity aerobic and strength training vs. gross motor activities leads to equivalent improvement in executive functions in a cohort of healthy older adults

Berryman

Bherer

Nadeau

et al. 2014

AGE

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The effects of physical activity on cognition in older adults have been extensively investigated in the last decade. Different interventions such as aerobic, strength, and gross motor training programs have resulted in improvements in cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and cognition are still poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that acute bouts of exercise resulted in reduced executive control at higher relative exercise intensities. Considering that aging is characterized by a reduction in potential energy (V˙O 2 max−energy cost of walking), which leads to higher relative walking intensity for the same absolute speed, it could be argued that any intervention aimed at reducing the relative intensity of the locomotive task would improve executive control while walking. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a shortterm (8 weeks) high-intensity strength and aerobic training program on executive functions (single and dual task) in a cohort of healthy older adults. Fifty-one participants were included and 47 (age, 70.7±5.6) completed the study which compared the effects of three interventions: lower body strength + aerobic training (LBS-A), upper body strength + aerobic training (UBS-A), and gross motor activities (GMA). Training sessions were held 3 times every week. Both physical fitness (aerobic, neuromuscular, and body composition) and cognitive functions (RNG) during a dual task were AGE (2014) 36:9710

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Multiple roads lead to Rome: combined high-intensity aerobic and strength training vs. gross motor activities leads to equivalent improvement in executive functions in a cohort of healthy older adults

Berryman

Bherer

Nadeau

et al. 2014

AGE

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“…This conclusion was also reached by cognitive health researchers reviewing evidence from epidemiology, animal models and randomized studies in humans (Albert et al, 2007). In the area of physical activity, evidence from epidemiology and animal models is increasingly strong (Hendrie et al, 2006;Cotman and Berchtold, 2007), while evidence from randomized interventions in humans remains mixed (Colcombe and Kramer, 2003;Heyn et al, 2004;Angevaren et al, 2008;van Uffelen et al, 2008). The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recently concluded that cardiovascular fitness and higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, and that physical activity in previously sedentary older adults can improve cognitive performance, particularly for complex tasks requiring executive control (Salem et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary care providers' sources and preferences for cognitive health information in the United States

Warren‐Findlow

Price

Hochhalter

et al. 2010

Health Promotion International

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SUMMARYIn most countries, physicians and other health-care providers play key roles in promoting health. Accumulating scientific evidence suggests that providers may soon want to include cognitive health among the areas they promote. Cognitive health is the maintenance of cognitive abilities that enable social connectedness, foster a sense of purpose, promote independent living, allow recovery from illness or injury and promote effective coping with functional deficits. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has established health promotion about cognitive health as a policy priority, with health providers included as one key group to participate in this effort. This study presents results from focus groups and interviews with primary care physicians (n ¼ 28) and midlevel health-care providers ( physician assistants and nurse practitioners, n ¼ 21) in three states of the US. Providers were asked about their sources of information on cognitive health and for their ideas on how best to communicate with primary care providers about research on cognitive health. In results, providers cited online sources, popular media and continuing medical education as their most common sources of information about cognitive health. Popular media sources were used both proactively and reactively to respond to patient inquiries. Differences in sources of information were noted for physicians as compared with midlevel providers, and for rural and urban providers. Several potential ways to disseminate information about cognitive health were identified. Effective messaging is likely to require multiple strategies to reach diverse groups of primary care providers, and to include continuing medical education.

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“…Thus, we anticipated that supervets would show smaller costs in carrying a PM intention, based on the evidence that exercise increases attentional resources used for monitoring (Barnes et al, 2003;Voss et al, 2010;Angevaren et al, 2008, Smith et al 2010Erikson et al, 2011;Winker et al, 2010;Voss et al, 2010a). In contrast, in both tasks, supervets showed greater cost in carrying a PM intention.…”

Section: Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term High-Effort Endurance Exercise in Older Adults: Diminishing Returns for Cognitive and Brain Aging

Young

Dowell

Watt³

et al. 2016

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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While there is evidence that age-related changes in cognitive performance and brain structure can be offset by increased exercise, little is known about the impact on these of long-term high-effort endurance exercise. In a cross-sectional design with 12-month follow-up, we recruited older adults engaging in high-effort endurance exercise over at least twenty years, and compared their cognitive performance and brain structure with a non-sedentary control group similar in age, sex, education, IQ, and lifestyle factors. Our findings showed no differences on measures of speed of processing, executive function, incidental memory, episodic memory, working memory, or visual search for older adults participating in long-term high-effort endurance exercise, when compared without confounds to non-sedentary peers. On tasks that engaged significant attentional control, subtle differences emerged. On indices of brain structure, long-term exercisers displayed higher white matter axial diffusivity than their age-matched peers, but this did not correlate with indices of cognitive performance.

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Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment

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Cited by 791 publications

References 70 publications

Multiple roads lead to Rome: combined high-intensity aerobic and strength training vs. gross motor activities leads to equivalent improvement in executive functions in a cohort of healthy older adults

Multiple roads lead to Rome: combined high-intensity aerobic and strength training vs. gross motor activities leads to equivalent improvement in executive functions in a cohort of healthy older adults

Primary care providers' sources and preferences for cognitive health information in the United States

Long-Term High-Effort Endurance Exercise in Older Adults: Diminishing Returns for Cognitive and Brain Aging

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