Physical Activity and Exercise for Cardiorespiratory Health and Fitness in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), major adverse CVD events, and cardiovascular mortality. Low levels of physical activity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness further compound the health consequences in this patient population. Aerobic exercise alone and the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise have beneficial effects for improving aerobic capacity while resistance exercise alone improves strength and skeletal muscle health. Given the prevalence of CVD in CKD patients and limited treatment options targeting traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors in this population, the incoroporation of physical activity and exercise into the care of CKD seems critical for improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the evidence of physical activity and exercise in CKD patients and the effects on cardiovascular outcomes and fitness.

Role of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Clinical Research: The Never-Ending Matter

“…Overall, the inclusion of the two “kidney measures”, eGFR and albuminuria, significantly improve CV risk prediction both in the general population and in high risk patients such as CKD patients [ 35 ]. Besides the traditional risk factors, inactivity may also be an important predictor of mortality as there have been studies linking CKD with low exercise levels as well as improved hazard ratios in patients who did exercise [ 36 , 37 ]. The Gruppo di Lavoro Italiano Sarcopenia-Trattamento E Nutrizione (GLISTEN) study highlighted the connection between eGFR and mortality in older patients, with the highest being in patients with an eGFR 35.32 mL/min/1.73 and a Short Portable Status Mental Questionaire (SPMSQ) 5 (hazard ratio (HR): 5.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.04–9.94) [ 38 ].…”

Benefícios Do Exercício Físico Em Pacientes Com Insuficiência Renal Crônica, Durante O Tratamento De Hemodiálise: Uma Revisão Integrativa

“…Esses fatores podem levar a um estilo de vida sedentário, perpetuando o ciclo de deterioração da saúde (GOLLIE;COHEN;PATEL, 2022).…”

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Outcomes Across the Spectra of Age, Gender, and Race

“…Studies further provided strong evidence of an independent and graded association between CRF, chronic disease incidence and the progression of chronic disease. Specific chronic diseases have included hypertension [ 13 , 14 ] the progression rate from elevated blood pressure to hypertension [ 15 , 16 ], incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] and the progression rate to insulin in patients diagnosed with T2DM, [ 18 ] heart failure [ 20 , 21 ], major adverse cardiovascular events [ 22 ], chronic kidney disease [ 23 , 24 ], and dyslipidemia [ 25 , 26 ].…”