Physical activity and health, novel concepts and new targets: report from the 12th Conference of the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise

Abstract

The present paper is the introductory paper to a series of brief reviews representing the proceedings of a recent conference on 'The biochemical basis for the health effects of exercise' organized by the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise in conjunction with the Nutrition Society. Here the aim is to briefly review and highlight the main innovations presented during this meeting. The following topics were covered during the meeting: exercise signalling pathways controlling fuel oxidation during and after exercise; the fatty acid transporters of skeletal muscle; mechanisms involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle; new methodologies and insights in the regulation of fat metabolism during exercise; muscle hypertrophy: the signals of insulin, amino acids and exercise; adipose tissue-liver-muscle interactions leading to insulin resistance. In these symposia state-of-the-art knowledge on how physical exercise exerts its effects on health was presented. The fast-growing number of identified pathways and processes involved in the health effects of physical exercise, which were discussed during the meeting, will help to develop tailored physical-activity regimens in the prevention of inactivity-induced deterioration of health.Physical activity: Health

Objectively measured physical activity and cognitive function in urban‐dwelling older adults

“…IR is one of the mechanisms suggested to be involved in the association between PA and cognition . IR has been reportedly associated with cognitive dysfunction, and physical exercise, even light intensity PA, improves IR . However, in the current study after statistical adjustment with HOMA‐IR, which is an established IR marker, the statistical significance of the association between LPA and cognitive assessments remained.…”

“…22 IR has been reportedly associated with cognitive Physical activity and cognition dysfunction, 11 and physical exercise, even light intensity PA, improves IR. 23 However, in the current study after statistical adjustment with HOMA-IR, which is an established IR marker, 18 the statistical significance of the association between LPA and cognitive assessments remained. It was suggested that the association between LPA and cognition did not occur through IR, but that other mechanisms were involved.…”

Einfluss von Widerstandstraining auf Parameter des Glukosestoffwechsels bei Gesunden, Typ-2-Diabetikern und Individuen mit Anzeichen einer Insulinresistenz

“…Neuere Befunde deuten an, dass durch körperliche Aktivität stimulierte Muskelzellen möglicherweise in der Lage sind, vermehrt IL−6 zu bilden. IL−6 soll u. a. einerseits die Synthe− se von TNF a und dessen negative Effekte auf die Insulinsensiti− vität verringern können[71,72]. Allerdings wird die systemische Wirkung von TNF a beim Menschen infrage gestellt[73].…”