Physical Activity and Healthcare Costs: Projections for Poland in the Context of an Ageing Population

Kalbarczyk, Małgorzata; Mackiewicz-Łyziak, Joanna

doi:10.1007/s40258-019-00472-9

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Unsurprisingly, the relationship between the improvement of the economic and total health expenditure, the development of health service providers and total health expenditure were also at a high level, because over the past four decades, China has seen rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions, along with an economic boom that has already lifted millions out of poverty [23], and the concern for their health gradually increased, the willingness to obtain more and better quality health services was stronger, and at the same time the service accessibility was increasing which had promoted the provision and utilization of health services and had an vital impact on total health expenditure. Also, the correlation degree between aging and the total health expenditure was 0.719 which proving that the aging of the population was an important driving factor affecting the total health expenditure, consistent with other research results [24][25][26]. The correlation degree between other factors and total health expenditure were less than 0.7.…”

Section: Health Developmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, the prevalence of multimorbidity increased substantially with age and was present in most people aged health services 3.2 times more than the community average [22], so, along with the increased elderly population, the challenges for medical services and social policy will increases. Scholars from all over the world investigated the aging of the population as an important driving factor when researched the changes in total health expenditure [23][24][25][26]. Therefore, the natural population growth rate and the proportion of population aged 65 years and above were selected as the population factor to discuss its relationship with the change of total health expenditure.…”

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Main Driving Factors and Prediction Model of Total Health Expenditure in China: A Study Based on Grey System Theory

Jia¹,

J²,

Zheng³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: The continuous increase in total health expenditure has become a social issue of common concern in most countries. In China, the total health expenditure still maintains a fast growth trend which is much higher than the growth of the country’s economy, although the new health system reform had been going on for 8 years until 2017. The aims of the current study were thus to investigate the main driving factors affecting total health expenditure and to establish a prediction model. Methods: Gray system theory was employed to explore the correlation degree between total health expenditure and 13 hot spots from the fields of economy, population, health service utilization, and public policy using national data in China from 2009 to 2017. Besides, a prediction model was established using the main driving factors among the 13 hot spots. Results: The main driving factors related to the changes of total health expenditure were public policy (ranked first), health development, economics, and aging, which correlation degrees were more than 0.7. The average error of the GM(1,7) model was 3.17%, the correlation degree, β , between the predicted simulation sequence and the original sequence was 0.78, the variance ratio, C, was 0.138, and the probability of residuals, P, was 1.0000. Therefore, the prediction model of total health expenditure with 6 main driving factors was excellent. Conclusion: The paper finds that since the new health system reform in China, government policies and social invest have contributed greatly to reducing the burden of health expenditure. However, the development of economic and the increase in the elderly population, which are main driving factors, will increase the total health expenditure, so improving the efficiency of investment and providing the precautionary health care and nursing for the elderly are crucial. Besides, the grey system theory had a good application in the field of health economics and policy.

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Section: Health Developmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Main Driving Factors and Prediction Model of Total Health Expenditure in China: A Study Based on Grey System Theory

Jia¹,

J²,

Zheng³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, with the increased elderly population, the challenges for medical services and social policy will increase. Scholars [ 7 , 25 , 26 ] worldwide have investigated the aging of the population as an important driving factor when researching changes in THE. Therefore, the population and the number of people aged 65 years and over were selected as population factors in relation to the change in THE.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on THE is extensive, and the research methods vary. The main driving factors are demographics [ 7 ], economics [ 6 , 8 ], and disease [ 9 ]. Scholars [ 10 , 11 ] have also analyzed the relationships between education and health expenditure, air quality and health expenditure, and environment and health expenditure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Health Expenditure and Its Driving Factors in China: A Gray Theory Analysis

Jia

Jiang

et al. 2021

Healthcare

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The continuous growth in total health expenditure (THE) has become a social issue of common concern in most countries. In China, the total health expenditure (THE) is maintaining a rapid growth trend that is higher than that of the economy, which has become increasingly obvious in the 21st century and has brought a heavy burden to the government and residents. To analyze the main driving factors of THE in China in the 21st century and establish a predictive model, gray system theory was employed to explore the correlation degree between THE and nine hot topics in the areas of the economy, population, health service utilization, and policy using national data from 2000 to 2018. Additionally, a New Structure of the Multivariate Gray Prediction Model of THE was established and compared with the traditional grey model and widely used BP neural network to evaluate the prediction effectiveness of the model. We concluded that the Chinese government and society have played a crucial role in reducing residents’ medical burden. Besides this, the improved economy and aging population have increased the demand for health services, leading to the continual increase in THE. Lastly, the improved NSGM(1,N) model achieved good prediction accuracy and has unique advantages in simulating and predicting THE, which can provide a basis for policy formulation.

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“…The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) has shown that 70.1% of the population aged 55-60 years suffers from one or more chronic diseases, while this percentage is higher than 80% for people aged 65+ [1]. The chronic diseases include conditions such as backache, osteoporosis, circulatory system diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes and stress, for the prevention and/or therapy of which physical activity is recommended [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Obese, Insulin-Dependent Diabetics with Hypertension

Krzysztoszek¹,

Maciaszek²,

Bronikowski³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Several recent studies have reported significantly larger declines in relative physical fitness (PF) of patients with diabetes (DM) versus those without diabetes. In our study, we set out to establish that the presence of DM in obese patients with hypertension (HT) is linked to a significant decrease in physical activity (PA), and also to PF which is important for ensuring mobility, independence at an elderly age, and efficiency in everyday life. We also sought to demonstrate the protective role of PA and PF, and to show that more attention must be paid to the importance of both PA and PF in prevention and therapy of non-communicable diseases. The study assessed the relationships between the current level of PA and PA in childhood and the level of PF of obese people aged 40+ with co-existing HT.Methods: The study included 82 obese patients with co-existing HT in their history. In order to assess the level of PA we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). PF was assessed by observing the performance of patients in seven selected tasks (Fitness Test): 30 Second Chair Stand, Handgrip Strength Test, Sit-and-Reach Test, One Leg Stand Test, Plank Test, Wall Squat Test, and 2-Minute Step-in-Place Test.Results: There was a significant differentiation in the amount of MET-min./week obtained for particular activities (vigorous, moderate, walking) by men (p=0.048) with significant grater amount of vigorous activity than moderate activity (p=0.024). When subjects were classified according to their IPAQ questionnaire category, 24.4% were classified as having a high level of PA, 45.1% a sufficient level, and 30.5% an insufficient level of PA. We noted that the higher the level of PA, the higher the PF – even in obese participants with HT. On the other hand, co-existing diabetes lowers almost all analyzed parameters, both biochemical and fitness ones. Conclusions: The analysed PF is probably not related directly to obesity of the participants or coexisting HT. On the other hand, the current PA level, the deficiency of which seems to be related to low PF and/or HT do seem to be related to the degree of PF.

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Physical Activity and Healthcare Costs: Projections for Poland in the Context of an Ageing Population

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Main Driving Factors and Prediction Model of Total Health Expenditure in China: A Study Based on Grey System Theory

Main Driving Factors and Prediction Model of Total Health Expenditure in China: A Study Based on Grey System Theory

Total Health Expenditure and Its Driving Factors in China: A Gray Theory Analysis

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Obese, Insulin-Dependent Diabetics with Hypertension

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