Physical activity and risk of cancer in middle-aged men

Abstract

Summary A prospective study was carried out to examine the relationship between physical activity and incidence of cancers in 7588 men aged 40-59 years with full data on physical activity and without cancer at screening. Physical activity at screening was classified as none/occasional, light, moderate, moderately-vigorous or vigorous. Cancer incidence data were obtained from death certificates, the national Cancer Registration Scheme and self-reporting on follow-up questionnaires of doctor-diagnosed cancer. Cancer (excluding skin cancers) developed in 969 men during mean follow-up of 18.8 years. After adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake and social class, the risk of total cancers was significantly reduced only in men reporting moderately-vigorous or vigorous activity; no benefit seen at lesser levels. Sporting activity was essential to achieve significant benefit and was associated with a significant dose-response reduction in risk of prostate cancer and upper digestive and stomach cancer. Sporting (vigorous) activity was associated with a significant increase in bladder cancer. No association was seen with colo-rectal cancer. Non-sporting recreational activity showed no association with cancer. Physical activity in middle-aged men is associated with reduced risk of total cancers, prostate cancer, upper digestive and stomach cancer. Moderately-vigorous or vigorous levels involving sporting activities are required to achieve such benefit.

Physical Activity Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…From 422 unique studies identified using the search strategy, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria (13)(14)(15)(16)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). One population-based case-control study by Campbell and colleagues, using the Canadian National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance Study, reported and analyzed data from Ontario and seven other Canadian provinces separately using different physical activity measurement modality, and hence, these were analyzed as two separate studies (25).…”

“…The earliest cohort study recruited patients starting in 1965 and latest completed recruitment in 2000, with mean reported follow-up ranging from 6 to 18.8 years (13,14,16,29,30,32,33). Five studies were performed in Asian populations (16,26,27,31,32) and 10 studies were performed in Western populations (six in North America; refs.…”

Glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of prostate cancer

“…[1][2][3][4][5] A Western lifestyle is also associated with insulin resistance, which in turn has been linked to higher prostate cancer risk. 6 Dietary carbohydrates have different potentials to raise blood glucose and insulin levels and, hence, to modulate insulin sensitivity.…”

Exercise therapy across the prostate cancer continuum

“…More than half the studies in this area show an inverse relationship between physical activity and PC, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] other studies show no association [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] and four studies even found exercise increased PC risk. [43][44][45][46] Perhaps this uncertainty in the literature can be attributed to the epidemiological nature of the research designs utilized in these studies, which relied upon survey or patient self-reporting to elicit physical activity and/or exercise exposure.…”