Physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults

Meier, Nathan F.; Lee, Duck-chul

doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01371-8

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The progressive loss of muscle mass and the concomitant decline in muscle strength (dynapenia) are associated with a large and diverse group of pathologies including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [3], cardiovascular disease (CVD) [4], frailty and disability [5,6], increased risk of falls and fractures [7,8], loss of physical independence [9], cognitive decline and depression [10,11], lower quality of life [12], and all-cause mortality [13,14]. The etiology of this muscle loss is known to be multifactorial with reductions in activity levels and inappropriate nutrition playing central roles [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia, a deterioration of muscle mass and function (more likely in older populations), as well as increases in body fat. These changes in body composition are associated with a number of chronic, lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive decline, and depression. Furthermore, CVD, diabetes, and elevated body fat are associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and more severe symptomology, underscoring the importance of avoiding the development of such morbidities. Here we review mechanisms of sarcopenia and their relation to the current data on the effects of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity, dietary habits, sleep, and stress as well as extended bed rest due to COVID-19 hospitalization. The potential of these factors to lead to an increased likelihood of muscle loss and chronic disease will be discussed. By offering a number of home-based strategies including resistance exercise, higher protein intakes and supplementation, we can potentially guide public health authorities to avoid a lifestyle disease and rehabilitation crisis post-COVID-19. Such strategies may also serve as useful preventative measures for reducing the likelihood of sarcopenia in general and in the event of future periods of isolation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss

et al. 2020

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“…The positive impact of physical activity on muscle health is well recognized. Numerous studies have highlighted improvement of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance following exercises [14,61,[77][78][79][80]. The level of physical activity within the included population is therefore an important confounding factor.…”

Section: Nutrition/exercise/polypharmacy Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the ESCEO recommendation for the conduct of clinical trials for drugs aiming at the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults

et al. 2020

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Background In 2016, an expert working group was convened under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and formulated consensus recommendations for the conduct of clinical trials for drugs to prevent or treat sarcopenia. Aims The objective of the current paper is to provide a 2020 update of the previous recommendations in accordance with the evidence that has become available since our original recommendations. Methods This paper is based on literature reviews performed by members of the ESCEO working group and followed up with face to face meetings organized for the whole group to make amendments and discuss further recommendations. Results The randomized placebo-controlled double-blind parallel-arm drug clinical trials should be the design of choice for both phase II and III trials. Treatment and follow-up should run at least 6 months for phase II and 12 months for phase III trials. Overall physical activity, nutrition, co-prescriptions and comorbidity should be recorded. Participants in these trials should be at least 70-years-old and present with a combination of low muscle strength and low physical performance. Severely malnourished individuals, as well as bedridden patients, patients with extremely limited mobility or individuals with physical limitations clearly attributable to the direct effect of a specific disease, should be excluded. Multiple outcomes are proposed for phase II trials, including, as example, physical performance, muscle strength and mass, muscle metabolism and muscle-bone interaction. For phase III trials, we recommend a co-primary endpoint of a measure of functional performance and a Patient Reported Outcome Measure. Conclusion The working group has formulated consensus recommendations on specific aspects of trial design, and in doing so hopes to contribute to an improvement of the methodological robustness and comparability of clinical trials. Standardization of designs and outcomes would advance the field by allowing better comparison across studies, including performing individual patient-data meta-analyses, and different pro-myogenic therapies.

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“…The strongest evidences in the treatment of sarcopenia are probably associated with the positive effects of resistance exercises on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance (13). An individual's general physical activity level is also important (28). An hour of increase in daily sitting time is reported to increase the risk of sarcopenia by 33% (29).…”

Section: Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive results have also been obtained with Omega 3 support but without sufficient evidence. A combination of resistance exercises and nutritional supplements is reported to have more apparent protective and healing effects (28). Vitamin D supplementation specifically for sarcopenia was found to have insufficient evidence, though there is evidence that persons with low vitamin D levels may improve their strength with vitamin D supplementation (33).…”

Section: Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia: Again and Updated

Kutsal¹

2020

tjgeri

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Sarcopenia is defined as, skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with age, chronic diseases, cancer, nutrition problems and physical inactivity. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia seems to involve degeneration of neurogenic, musculogenic, synaptogenic and vasculogenic systems, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic factors and inflammatory mechanisms. Early detection of sarcopenia in older adults and patients is important to prevent morbidity, functional decline and death and the diagnosis requires assessment of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. The strongest evidences in the treatment of sarcopenia are probably associated with the positive effects of resistance exercises on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. Also protein intake needs to be increased. Positive results have been reported on supplementation with leucine, βhydroxy β-methylbutyrate, Omega 3 and Vitamin D. Antioxidant intake naturally from food is recommended. There are promising studies related to angiotensin receptor blockers, oral anti-diabetic drugs. Interventions to prevent sarcopenia, treatment of the primarily responsible disease, suppression of inflammation, and treatment of metabolic syndromes constitute the basic components of a successful treatment.

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Physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults

Cited by 56 publications

References 58 publications

Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss

Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss

Update on the ESCEO recommendation for the conduct of clinical trials for drugs aiming at the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults

Sarcopenia: Again and Updated

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