Physical Activity and the Primary Prevention of Cancer

Kiningham, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70080-4

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Such mechanisms would include physical activity's affect on immune function, hormone levels, antioxidant defenses, overweight and gastroesophageal reflux. 6,22 Further studies are necessary to answer these questions.…”

Section: Table II -Multivariate Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Recreational or occupational activities have been used as the exposures of interest in most studies of these relationships. How much of the recent increase in the incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas may be due to misclassification, as opposed to a result of lifestyle changes, including increasing body weight and decreasing physical activity, is controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Occupational physical activity and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach

Vigen

Bernstein

2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Physical activity may have a role in many cancers, but little is known about its effect on esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma risk. We investigated occupational physical activity and esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma risk in a population-based, casecontrol study including 212 esophageal, 264 gastric cardia and 389 distal gastric cancer cases, and 1,330 controls in Los Angeles County. Lifetime occupational histories were obtained during inperson interviews, and total lifetime occupational activity (Total Activity Index) was calculated using US Census job codes classified as sedentary, or moderately or highly physically active. Average Annual Activity Index was a per-year Total Activity Index counterpart. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and trend tests adjusting for gender, race, age, birthplace, education, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and number of years worked. Esophageal adenocarcinoma risk tended to decrease with increasing Total Activity Index (OR 5 0.67, 95% CI 5 0.38,1.19 for highest versus lowest quartile), but neither gastric cardia nor distal gastric cancer was associated with the Total Activity Index. This inverse association held for esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR 5 0.61, 95% CI 5 0.38,0.99 for highest vs. lowest quartile) and modest associations were observed for gastric cardia (OR 5 0.76, 95% CI 5 0.49,1.18) and distal gastric cancer (OR 5 0.77, 95% CI 5 0.52,1.14) when based on Average Annual Activity Index before age 65 years. Analyses stratified by gender, race, age, BMI, education and years worked provided similar results. We found a modest protective effect of Total Activity Index on esophageal adenocarcinoma. Future studies with more complete information on occupational and recreational physical activity are needed to confirm and further investigate the suggested protective effect of physical activity on these tumor types. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Table II -Multivariate Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational physical activity and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach

Vigen

Bernstein

2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Finally, as mentioned earlier, the 'sick child' is often not allowed to play with others or participate in school-based activity programmes because of the parent's fear that a child will get injured or catch an infection. Since many children with ALL experience one or more episodes of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia during the course of treatment and because these episodes may pose a significant acute health risk to the child, exercise and other challenges to the cardiovascular system must be minimized until the patient is well again [57][58][59][60]. Children with ALL may experience pain and/or injury from PA; however, with more research, guidelines to avoid pain or injury from occurring in these children can be written.…”

Section: Children and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential benefits of physical activity for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

White

Flohr

Winter

et al. 2005

Pediatric Rehabilitation

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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common form of paediatric leukaemia. The survival rate in children with ALL has improved significantly over the past several years, which makes quality of life an important focus for researchers. Some of the side effects of treatment (i.e. osteoporosis and obesity) are not realized until years after conclusion of therapy. Few studies have addressed the impact of physical activity (PA) on the side effects that occur during treatment of children with ALL. This paper discusses the increased risk for both osteoporosis and obesity due to treatment for ALL and suggests ways that PA may attenuate bone loss and risk of obesity by discussing what is known about effects of PA in healthy children and children with other chronic diseases. Recommendations will be made for PA interventions and future research in children with ALL.

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“…3,4 This is due to decreased risks for coronary heart disease, 5 non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 6 osteoporosis 7 and certain types of cancer, especially colon cancer. 8,9 Physical activity during leisure time has been shown to be associated with age, body mass, smoking, education and selfrated health. 1,2,10 -17 However, there are few if any, reports investigating the association of total physical activity with age and those factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total physical activity in relation to age, body mass, health and other factors in a cohort of Swedish men

et al. 2002

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Background: Despite a large public health interest in physical activity and its role in obesity and other chronic diseases, only a few reports to date have addressed total levels of physical activity in relation to age, body mass, health and other lifestyle factors. Objective: To investigate whether levels of total physical activity among men are associated with age, body mass, self-rated health and other lifestyle factors in a cross-sectional setting. Methods: In a population-based cohort of 33 466 men aged 45 -79 y in central Sweden, we collected information about physical activity through a self-administered questionnaire. Level of total physical activity was assessed quantitatively based on six questions on different activities: work=occupation, housework, walking=bicycling, exercise, inactive leisure time and sleeping. The physical activity levels were measured as metabolic equivalents, MET-h=day. The relation between age, body mass index, smoking, education, marital status and self-rated health, and total physical activity was studied in a cross-sectional analysis, using multivariate regression. Results: Total daily physical activity was decreasing systematically between age 45 and 79 (74.1%, 95% CI 74.6, 73.6). Obese men reported 72.6% (95% CI 73.0, 72.1) lower physical activity than normal weight men. Those with high education had 77.0% (95%CI 77.3, 76.7) lower total physical activity than those with elementary school. Men with self-rated poor health had 711.3% (95%CI 712.1, 710.6) lower physical activity than those reporting very good health. The cross-sectionally observed decrease with age was greatest among obese men (78.7%), current smokers (77.9%), low-educated men (75.6%) and those with poor health (79.8%); the subgroups with very good health reported almost the same level of total physical activity (70.6%) for age 74 -79 as for age 45 -49. Conclusions: The observed decreasing levels of total physical activity with age to large degree depend on health status and other factors. The characterization of subjects with low total physical activity levels is of importance for understanding observed worldwide trends in increasing prevalence of obesity. The better understanding of these phenomena might also facilitate a better planning of public health interventions with messages specifically adjusted for subgroups of population with lower physical activity.

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Physical Activity and the Primary Prevention of Cancer

Cited by 41 publications

References 92 publications

Occupational physical activity and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach

Occupational physical activity and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach

Potential benefits of physical activity for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Total physical activity in relation to age, body mass, health and other factors in a cohort of Swedish men

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