“…First, only six of the articles had any significant contribution to all three aspects of Lefebrve's spatial triad. Second, the majority of the research pointed to aspects of spatial practice (perceived space), such as the physical limitations of classroom space (Chao et al 2021), the types of tools that can be used in classroom spaces (Dania and Griffin 2021), the general computerisation of learning spaces (Kolokoltsev et al 2020), or online PE (Goad and Jones 2017). Third, despite the use of various spatial references in the studies -'habitus', 'hybrid fields', 'landscape', 'marginalised', 'setting', 'sociospatial', and 'spatialities', for example -the articles still treated space as a de facto descriptive metaphor.…”