Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a prospective study of men

Abstract

Objective To assess the independent and joint associations between self-reported physical activity (PA) and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fi tness (CRF) from a maximal treadmill exercise test and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large cohort of men. Methods Participants for the current analysis were 23 444 men aged 20-85 years free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer or diabetes at baseline. Incident diabetes were identifi ed from mail-back surveys. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confi dence intervals (CIs) and diabetes incidence rates (per 10 000 man-years) according to exposure categories. Results During an average of 18 years of follow-up, 589 incident cases of diabetes were identifi ed. After adjusting for age, examination year, survey response pattern, body mass index, smoking, drinking, fasting glucose, chronic diseases and family history of CVD or diabetes, the walking/jogging/running (WJR) and sport/fi tness groups had a 40% and 28% lower risk of developing diabetes compared with the sedentary men, respectively (both p < 0.05). For CRF, diabetes incidence rates were 31.9, 14.5 and 6.5 for low-, moderate-and high-fi tness groups, respectively. After adjustment for the above covariables, moderate and high CRF had a 38% and 63% lower risk of developing diabetes compared with the low CRF group (p trend<0.0001). Conclusion Our fi ndings showed a lower risk of developing diabetes for men who participated in a WJR programme or sport/fi tness activity, compared with those who were sedentary. Higher levels of fi tness were associated with an inverse gradient of incident diabetes.

Physical activity and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: population studies review

“…После коррекции с учетом других факторов риска, группа мужчин, занимавшихся ходьбой и бегом, и группа мужчин, занимавшихся фит-несом, имели показатель риска развития СД2 на 40% и на 28% ниже по сравнению с группой мужчин с си-дячим образом жизни. После коррекции с учетом дру-гих факторов показатель риска развития СД2 в группах со средней и высокой кардиореспираторной выносливо-стью был на 38% и на 63% ниже, чем в группе с низкой выносливостью (P<0,0001) [20].…”

Exercise is Medicine—The Importance of Physical Activity, Exercise Training, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

“…40 Both CRF and fatness are related to the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes. [15][16][17][18] However, CRF seems to play a greater role in protecting individuals with type 2 diabetes from CVD. Thus, the primary emphasis on patients with type 2 diabetes should be on improving CRF, rather than reducing weight.…”

“…In the assessment of CRF, moderate and high CRF had a 38 % and 63 % lower risk of developing diabetes compared with the low CRF group (p<0.0001). 15 Impaired glucose tolerance is an intermediate category between normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and therefore form an important target group for studies aimed at preventing diabetes.…”

“…[15][16][17][18] This article aims to review evidence for the relative roles of PA, CRF and obesity in the primary prevention and secondary control of type 2 diabetes, to examine other health benefits of PA, and discuss current approaches to integrate ET into clinical practice.…”

A Church-Based Weight Loss Intervention in African American Adults using Text Messages (LEAN Study): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

“…A major risk factor for developing obesity and its comorbidities is an unhealthy lifestyle composed of lack of regular physical activity and poor nutrition. [3,4] Intensive behavioral programs have resulted in improved dietary intake, increased physical activity, and weight loss. [5][6][7] However, weight loss results for African Americans has been less than that for other ethnic groups.…”