Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Myers, Jonathan; Kokkinos, Peter; Nyelin, Eric

doi:10.3390/nu11071652

Cited by 411 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…77 Beyond that, both resistance training (and resulting improvements in strength and muscle mass) and aerobic exercise are associated with reduced risk of obesity, hypertension, metabolic disease, and survival after critical illness. [78][79][80][81][82] Lifestyle medicine also has significant scope to improve sleep quantity and quality, both of which are associated with immune function and overall mortality. [83][84][85][86] Initiatives such as group consultations and social prescribing can even help to tackle loneliness and social isolation, which are associated with both altered inflammatory processes and increased mortality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness

Wood

Johannsson

2020

Lifestyle Medicine

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Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness The recent impact of SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shown major differences in infrastructure and approach across healthcare systems worldwide. One thing we can already be certain of is that governments and policy makers worldwide will place a greater focus on pandemic preparedness in the future. However, as well as ensuring that robust pipelines for rapid test, highly effective treatment or vaccine, and personal protective equipment (PPE) production are in place, we must address underlying resilience and susceptibility of our populations to infectious disease. Although the true spread and case fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 may not be known for several months or even years, what is becoming increasingly clear is the significant degree to which underlying conditions associated with suboptimal metabolic health appear to be associated with poor outcomes in those with COVID-19. 1-4 Considering the nature of these underlying conditions such as obesity and hypertension, lifestylebased approaches are likely to be one of our best tools in order to address ongoing and future disease burden during pandemics. Based on the largest available studies at time of writing, the comorbidities particularly associated with hospitalization and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 are age, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. For instance, one study in New York City found that, of 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 57%, 42%, and 34% had hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, respectively. 1 Of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, reported case fatality rate was elevated in those with comorbid conditions: at least 10% for cardiovascular diseases, 7% for diabetes, and 6% for hypertension. 2 Importantly, however, the diabetes diagnoses associated with increased risk have not routinely been separated by type (1 or 2) or duration, and this is a key area of future research. As outlined below, with metabolic derangement (eg, systemic insulin resistance) and hyperglycemia potentially underlying changes in the immune system seen in the comorbid conditions associated with worse COVID-19 outcome, it is possible that the well-controlled type 1 diabetic is not at increased risk. In studies of COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in Italy and New York City, the latter as a preprint at time of writing, both age and obesity were significant contributors to risk, with the mechanical disadvantage of ventilation in obese patients a potential contributor. 3,4 In the United Kingdom, the This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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confidence: 99%

Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness

Wood

Johannsson

2020

Lifestyle Medicine

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“…Numerous studies have confirmed that physical activity can prevent and reverse the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Myers, Kokkinos, and Nyelin (2019) noted that a minimum of 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week or 75 min of high-intensity physical activity per week can significantly reduce the risks of metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Women

Wang

Tsao

Lee

2019

IJSN

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk factors middle-aged women.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 101 middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome risk factors were recruited from a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. Surveys were conducted using a demographic questionnaire, and the Taiwanese version of the self-administered short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.Results: The research results indicate that (1) 69% of the Women with metabolic syndrome were mostly in postmenopause, and the most common risk factor for metabolic syndrome was abdominal obesity (80.2%). (2) Fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 100mg/dl and the level of physical activity showed significantly differences (χ2 = 6.1, p < .05). (3)The total metabolic equivalents (METs) of physical activities of having or no having metabolic syndrome women showed significantly different, no having metabolic syndrome women higher then metabolic syndrome women (t = 2.23, p < .05). (4) The predictor of waist circumference ≥ 80cm is basal metabolic index (BMI) (OR = 3.46; 95% CI = 1.61, 7.46) (p < .05), the predictor of FBG ≥ 100mg/dl is insufficient physical activity (OR = 11.29; 95% CI = 1.72, 73.82) (p < .05), and the predictors of metabolic syndrome are BMI (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.33, 2.08), menopause (OR = 12.3; 95% CI = 1.25, 120.68), and postmenopause (OR = 42.97; 95% CI = 2.22, 831.41) (p < .05).Conclusions: This study recommends that to prevent metabolic syndrome, middle-aged women should adopt an active lifestyle, actively control their weight, and a minimum of 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week or 75 min of high-intensity physical activity. This result is a potentially crucial reference for healthcare professionals in their care of patients with metabolic syndrome.

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“…Given the known effect of physical activity on the incidence of chronic disease in adults [9,13], there is a need to assess of metabolic risk markers of chronic disease such as body mass index, blood pressure, blood sugar and level of oxygen saturation in blood, as a part of evaluating health effects of the physical activity intervention [41,42]. These assessments were also included since they were in line with participants need as indicated by them during the initial workshops.…”

Section: Health Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a physical activity intervention informed by participatory research- a feasibility study

et al. 2020

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Background: Despite numerous interventions aiming to improve physical activity in socially disadvantaged populations, physical inactivity remains to be a rising challenge to public health globally, as well as, in Sweden. In an effort to address this challenge, a community-based participatory intervention was developed through active community engagement and implemented in a socially disadvantaged neighborhood in Sweden. The current study aims to present the development and initial evaluation of a participatory research driven physical activity intervention. Methods: Fifteen participants (11 females and 4 males) aged 17-59 years volunteered to participate in the physical activity intervention program. The intervention program was evaluated using a longitudinal mixed methods design measuring health impact changes over time through focus group discussions and quality of life surveys. Further additional biomedical health parameters such as levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, levels of oxygen saturation and body mass index were monitored before and after the intervention. Focus group data were analyzed using content analysis with an inductive approach. The pre-and post-test scores from the survey-based quality of life domains, as well as the health parameters were compared using non-parametric and parametric statistics. Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis of the focus group discussions including sense of fellowship, striving for inclusion and equity, changing the learner perspective and health beyond illness. The scores for the domains Physical Health, Psychological Health, Social Relationships and Health Satisfaction where significantly higher after participation in the physical activity intervention program compared to the pre-test scores (p < .05)s. There were however, no significant changes in the scores for the environmental domain and overall quality of life after intervention compared to that prior to intervention start. Overall, the biomedical health parameters remained stable within the normal ranges during intervention. Conclusion: The focus group discussions and results from the surveys and biomedical measures reveal important findings to understand and further develop the intervention program to promote health equity among citizens in disadvantaged areas. Evaluating the feasibility of such an intervention using multiple approaches contributes to effective implementation of it for larger communities in need.

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Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 411 publications

References 110 publications

Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness

Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness

Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Women

Development and evaluation of a physical activity intervention informed by participatory research- a feasibility study

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