Physical Activity, Exercise and Health of Adults with Mild and Moderate Learning Disabilities

Messent, Peter R.; Cooke, Carlton; Long, Jonathan

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3156.1998.tb00041.x

Cited by 49 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar findings have been reported in a few studies from England using the criteria of at least 12 bouts of 20 minutes of moderate (Ͼ5 and Ͻ7.5 kcal/ min) to vigorous (Ն7.5 kcal/min) activity occurring over 4 weeks [Messent et al, 1998b;Robertson et al, 2000;Emerson, 2005]. This threshold had been identified as offering some protection against coronary heart disease [Department of Health, 1995] and the proportion of participants meeting this criterion ranged from 4 to 20%.…”

Section: Physical Activity Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Problems with acquiescence and comprehension in self-report research with this population have been well-documented [Bogdan and Taylor, 1994;Finlay and Lyons, 2001]. Proxy respondents (e.g., caregivers) are typically used as self-report resources to assess physical activity in this group [Messent et al, 1998b[Messent et al, , 1999Robertson et al, 2000Draheim et al, 2002a,, 2002b], but there are some concerns regarding the reliability of this approach because secondary sources may not accurately report primary source behavior [Finlay and Lyons, 2001]. This is particularly true for individuals with MR who reside in less controlled settings (e.g., supported living versus institution).…”

Section: Self-reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the studies were published well after these revisions were implemented yet the outdated guidelines were used for data interpretation, leading to potentially unreliable findings. For example, Messent et al [1998aMessent et al [ , 1998b actually discussed both the 30-minute (current) and 20-minute (former) moderate activity guidelines and it was not clear which was used as a criterion. In addition, the Emerson [2005] study was published well after the policy was revised [Prior, 1999] but a physical activity scale based on the old guidelines was used for data collection.…”

Section: Physical Activity Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health‐promoting physical activity of adults with mental retardation

Stanish

Temple

Frey

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

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This literature review describes the physical activity behavior of adults with mental retardation consistent with the U.S. Surgeon General's recommendation of 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on 5 or more days per week. The proportion of participants achieving this criterion ranges from 17.5 to 33%. These data are likely to be generous estimates of activity as individuals included in physical activity studies to date have been relatively young and healthy volunteers with mild to moderate limitations. Major sources of physical activity were walking and cycling for transport, chores and work, dancing, and Special Olympics. There is a pressing need to conduct studies using appropriately powered representative samples and to validate measures that assess physical activity less directly; including methodologies in which proxy respondents are used. Accurate information about existing patterns of behavior will enhance the development of effective strategies to promote physical activity among persons with mental retardation.

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Section: Physical Activity Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Self-reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Activity Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health‐promoting physical activity of adults with mental retardation

Stanish

Temple

Frey

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

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“…Moreover, training in motor skills enables a person to experience, explore, and understand the world around them (Reimer & Siemonsma-Boom, 2013;Schellingerhout, Smitsman, & Cox, 2005) as well as increasing selfcontrol and autonomy. However, several studies have demonstrated that people with intellectual disability have significantly fewer opportunities to experience movement and/or have lower rates of physical activity than those without disability (Draheim, Williams, & McCubbin, 2002;Emerson, 2005;Hilgenkamp, Reis, van Wijck, & Evenhuis, 2012;Lahtinen, Rintala, & Malin, 2007;Messent, Cooke, & Long, 1998;Robertson et al, 2000;Temple, Frey, & Stanish, 2006). These studies indicate that the rate of physical activity varies with the level of impairment: in general, when the intellectual disability is more severe the level of physical inactivity increases (Emerson, 2005;Peterson, Janz, & Lowe, 2008;Robertson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Motor activation in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in daily practice

Putten

Bossink

Frans

et al. 2016

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability

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Background People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are at risk of being motorically inactive. This study investigated the degree and type of motor activation in daily practice and its relationship to personal and contextual factors. Method A total of 58 participants with PIMD participated in the study. Data concerning the motor activation were collected by means of a diary over a period of 14 days. Relationships to personal and contextual factors were analysed using multilevel analyses. Results The mean number of transfers was 3.1 times per day (range: 0-9, SD = 1.4), the mean number of relocations was 7.7 times per day (range: 2-13, SD = 2.5), and the mean number of motor activities offered was 1.5 per day (range: 0-10, SD = 1.9). Relationships to age, gender, location, and day of week were found. Conclusion Motor activation seems to be a minor part of the support provided to people with PIMD.

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“…4 Severity levels for ID are typically categorised by broad intelligence quotient (IQ), alongside the required deficits in independent living skills, into mild (IQ [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], moderate (IQ [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], severe and profound (IQ < 20) ID. 5 Acknowledging the wide variation that exists between individuals with ID, typical abilities suggested for each category are outlined in Table 1 [based on World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10)].…”

Section: Definition Of Intellectual Disability and Case Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for glucose intolerance and development of a lifestyle education programme for prevention of type 2 diabetes in a population with intellectual disabilities: the STOP Diabetes research project

Dunkley

Tyrer

Spong

et al. 2017

Programme Grants Appl Res

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BackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is believed to be higher among people with intellectual disability (ID) than in the general population. However, research on prevalence and prevention in this population is limited.ObjectivesThe objectives of this programme of work were to establish a programme of research that would significantly enhance the knowledge and understanding of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and T2DM in people with ID; to test strategies for the early identification of IGR and T2DM in people with ID; and to develop a lifestyle education programme and educator training protocol to promote behaviour change in a population with ID and IGR (or at a high risk of T2DM/CVD).SettingLeicestershire, UK.ParticipantsAdults with ID were recruited from community settings, including residential homes and family homes. Adults with mild to moderate ID who had an elevated body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2and/or IGR were invited to take part in the education programme.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the screening programme was the prevalence of screen-detected T2DM and IGR. The uptake, feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were assessed.Data sourcesParticipants were recruited from general practices, specialist ID services and clinics, and through direct contact.ResultsA total of 930 people with ID were recruited to the screening programme: 58% were male, 80% were white and 68% were overweight or obese. The mean age of participants was 43.3 years (standard deviation 14.2 years). Bloods were obtained for 675 participants (73%). The prevalence of previously undiagnosed T2DM was 1.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5% to 2%] and of IGR was 5% (95% CI 4% to 7%). Abnormal IGR was more common in those of non-white ethnicity; those with a first-degree family history of diabetes; those with increasing weight, waist circumference, BMI, diastolic blood pressure or triglycerides; and those with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We developed a lifestyle educational programme for people with ID, informed by findings from qualitative stakeholder interviews (health-care professionals,n = 14; people with ID,n = 7) and evidence reviews. Subsequently, 11 people with ID (and carers) participated in pilot education sessions (two groups) and five people attended education for the feasibility stage (one group). We found that it was feasible to collect primary outcome measures on physical activity and sedentary behaviour using wrist-worn accelerometers. We found that the programme was relatively costly, meaning that large changes in activity or diet (or a reduction in programme costs) would be necessary for the programme to be cost-effective. We also developed a quality development process for assessing intervention fidelity.LimitationsWe were able to screen only around 30% of the population and involved only a small number in the piloting and feasibility work.ConclusionsThe results from this programme of work have significantly enhanced the existing knowledge and understanding of T2DM and IGR in people with ID. We have developed a lifestyle education programme and educator training protocol to promote behaviour change in this population.Future workFurther work is needed to evaluate the STOP Diabetes intervention to identify cost-effective strategies for its implementation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02513277.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inHealth Research Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 5, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Physical Activity, Exercise and Health of Adults with Mild and Moderate Learning Disabilities

Cited by 49 publications

References 8 publications

Health‐promoting physical activity of adults with mental retardation

Health‐promoting physical activity of adults with mental retardation

Motor activation in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in daily practice

Screening for glucose intolerance and development of a lifestyle education programme for prevention of type 2 diabetes in a population with intellectual disabilities: the STOP Diabetes research project

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