Physical activity in infancy and early childhood: a narrative review of interventions for prevention of obesity and associated health outcomes

Eichner-Seitz, Natalie; Pate, Russell R.; Paul, Ian M.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1155925

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…We reasoned that using C/H detection in the preprocessing phase of the automated MAIJU analysis pipeline would improve focusing on time periods when the infants are moving by themselves. The same need to distinguish a child’s own activity from other physical movements is clear in studies that aim to understand developmental origins of childhood obesity and related health adversities 34 . Second, there are also many other comparable needs in infant behavioral research where unsupervised measurement sessions need to be segmented for movement periods by the infant versus by an external force 13 , 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic assessment of infant carrying and holding using at-home wearable recordings

Airaksinen,

Vaaras,

Haataja

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Assessing infant carrying and holding (C/H), or physical infant-caregiver interaction, is important for a wide range of contexts in development research. An automated detection and quantification of infant C/H is particularly needed in long term at-home studies where development of infants’ neurobehavior is measured using wearable devices. Here, we first developed a phenomenological categorization for physical infant-caregiver interactions to support five different definitions of C/H behaviors. Then, we trained and assessed deep learning-based classifiers for their automatic detection from multi-sensor wearable recordings that were originally used for mobile assessment of infants’ motor development. Our results show that an automated C/H detection is feasible at few-second temporal accuracy. With the best C/H definition, the automated detector shows 96% accuracy and 0.56 kappa, which is slightly less than the video-based inter-rater agreement between trained human experts (98% accuracy, 0.77 kappa). The classifier performance varies with C/H definition reflecting the extent to which infants’ movements are present in each C/H variant. A systematic benchmarking experiment shows that the widely used actigraphy-based method ignores the normally occurring C/H behaviors. Finally, we show proof-of-concept for the utility of the novel classifier in studying C/H behavior across infant development. Particularly, we show that matching the C/H detections to individuals’ gross motor ability discloses novel insights to infant-parent interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic assessment of infant carrying and holding using at-home wearable recordings

Airaksinen,

Vaaras,

Haataja

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…However, the timing of when this sex gap begins is yet unclear as PA development at infancy and toddler ages has only recently begun to be investigated. 10 Among the few existing studies, while an infant study reported no sex differences in PA, 11 some toddler studies, 12 but not all, 13,14 found signi cant sex differences in PA. Taken together, the sex gap in PA may begin to emerge in late infancy or early toddler ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Physical Activity of US children at age 13 months: Child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS)

Kwon,

Welch,

Capan

2024

Preprint

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Background Lower physical activity (PA) has been observed in females compared to males among preschool-aged and older children. However, the timing of when the sex gap emerges is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether females have lower PA levels than males in the early toddler age and to explore whether gross motor competency and PA parenting practices might explain a sex difference in PA. Methods The study design was cross-sectional. Participants were a community-based sample of 137 children aged 10–16 months residing in US Midwest urban/suburban area. Participants’ mothers completed a survey that contained a demographic questionnaire, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire gross motor competency subscale, and a PA parenting practices questionnaire. Participating children wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on their hip for 7 days. Accelerometer-measured time spent in moderate- and vigorous intensity PA (MVPA; minutes/day) and in total PA (minutes/day) were calculated. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to predict MVPA and total PA by sex, gross motor competency, PA parenting practices, and socioeconomic status. Results Among 137 participants (54.0% female), average age was 13.6 months (SD = 1.7). MVPA was 72 ± 25 and 79 ± 26 minutes/day for females and males, respectively (p = 0.14). Total PA was 221 ± 48 and 238 ± 47 minutes/day for females and males, respectively (p = 0.04). Both gross motor competency and PA-encouraging parenting practices were positively associated MVPA (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) and total PA (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively); however, these relationships did not differ by sex (p = 0.11 and p = 0.89, respectively). After accounting for gross motor competency and PA parenting practices, total PA was 15 minutes/day lower among females than males (p = 0.04). Conclusions This cross-sectional study of US children observed a sex gap in total PA at 10–16 months of age. Gross motor development and PA parenting practices did not differ by child sex nor explain the sex difference in PA. A longitudinal investigation should follow to further narrow down when sex differences in PA emerge and to determine the factors that lead to this difference.

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“…School closures, alteration in daily activities, and the loss of structure and control were adversely related with children obesity concerning the COVID-19 confinement period [ 29 , 30 ]. There is also substantial evidence that physical activity between childbirth and the age of 5 years old may further prevent obesity both in the short and long-term [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Mediterranean Diet Adherence Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Childhood Obesity, Specific Sociodemographic, and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children

Pavlidou,

Papadopoulou,

Alexatou

et al. 2023

Epidemiologia

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Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been related with a decreased probability of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at all stages of the human life, decreasing the risk of diverse disease states and improving quality of life. Over the last few years, the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and especially abdominal obesity has highly increased worldwide, being associated with a higher likelihood of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at the next stages of the life during adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship of MD compliance with sociodemographic, anthropometry and lifestyle features in pre-school children aged 2–5 years old. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which includes 5188 pre-school children from diverse regions of Greece. Relevant questionnaires were applied to evaluate the sociodemographic features of the enrolled children. Anthropometric parameters were measured by relevant techniques. Qualified questionnaires were utilized for assessing several lifestyle factors such as physical activity, quality of life, breastfeeding practices, MD adherence, as well as the prevalence of childhood asthma and diabetes mellitus type I. Results: Of the enrolled children, 41.7% showed low MD compliance and 36.4% of them indicated moderated compliance, while only 21.9% of them showed a high MD adherence. Overweight/obesity was noted in 24.2% of the assigned children, while abdominal obesity was noticed in 18.2% of them. Higher MD compliance was related with an elevated prevalence of sex (boys, p = 0.0005), Greek nationality (p = 0.0088), rural type of residence (p = 0.0099), childhood overweight/obesity (p < 0.0001) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.0001), lower childbirth weight (p < 0.0001), increased physical activity (p = 0.0041), improved quality of life (p = 0.0008), exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.0001), childhood asthma (p = 0.0001) and diabetes mellitus type 1 (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: A higher MD adherence is associated with specific sociodemographic, better anthropometric, and beneficial lifestyle factors in pre-school children. However, MD compliance remains low or moderate in the vast majority of children aged 2–5 years old. Thus, future public strategies and policies should be performed to inform parents of the potential beneficial effects of MD against obesity and related chronic diseases at the next stage of their children’s lives.

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Physical activity in infancy and early childhood: a narrative review of interventions for prevention of obesity and associated health outcomes

Cited by 7 publications

References 131 publications

Automatic assessment of infant carrying and holding using at-home wearable recordings

Automatic assessment of infant carrying and holding using at-home wearable recordings

Sex Differences in Physical Activity of US children at age 13 months: Child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS)

Childhood Mediterranean Diet Adherence Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Childhood Obesity, Specific Sociodemographic, and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children

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