Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue

Camplain, Ricky; Baldwin, Julie A.; Warren, Meghan; Camplain, Carolyn; Lininger, Monica R.; Trotter, Robert T.

doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0055

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Additionally, because findings were self-reported, higher rates of attendance and exercise may be due to the nature of overreporting physical activity-related behaviors [ 33 , 35 ]. In a 2019 study among individuals incarcerated in jail, 70% self-reported ever attending rec-time [ 30 ], a much higher proportion compared to objectively measured attendance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were also asked to check all that apply from a prespecified list regarding what motivates them or would motivate them to attend rec-time, barriers to attending rec-time, what activities they enjoy doing at rec-time, and personal benefits from attending rec-time. Prespecified lists were developed through prior research [ 30 ], direct observation of recreation time [ 31 ], consults with a formerly incarcerated consultant, and discussions with women incarcerated. Facilitators, barriers, and benefits were not mutually exclusive as participants chose all that applied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during recreation time among women incarcerated

et al. 2022

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Background Most women incarcerated in jail are not physically active and do not attend recreation time (rec-time), a time dedicated to being physically active, outside. The purpose of this study was to determine barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during rec-time among women incarcerated in jail. Methods We recruited and distributed a cross-sectional questionnaire to 100 women incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility (CCDF) in Flagstaff, Arizona from March to July 2020. Women were asked about their experience with rec-time at CCDF, including if they had ever attended, how often they attended, if they exercised at rec-time, activities they participated in, and facilitators, barriers, and benefits to attend rec-time. Results Among 99 women who completed the questionnaire, 89% had ever attended rec-time. Most women identified environmental- and health-related facilitators to attending rec-time including enjoying natural light (74%), getting fresh air (83%), a change in environment (62%), and to move around and exercise (72%). Many women indicated environmental-, equipment-, clothing, and motivation-related barriers to attending rec-time. Specifically, women believed there was a lack of equipment (56%) and limited access to proper footwear (49%). Conclusions As health and environment are important facilitators and barriers to being physically active among women incarcerated in jail, it is important to identify appropriate environmental and policy interventions to increase the use of rec-time and physical activity. If a correctional facility does not offer rec-time or a similar alternative, one should be established, accessible, and welcoming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during recreation time among women incarcerated

et al. 2022

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“…How the jail environment affects prevention and self-management strategies for diet, physical activity, pharmacological adherence behaviors, and other strategies among individuals currently incarcerated is understudied [ 7 ]. The availability of low-fat or low-sodium diets [ 37 ], ability to exercise [ 38 ], and management of their own medications are all largely out of the control of most individuals incarcerated in jail and may contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk factors or gaps in continuity of care. If an individual is diagnosed with a cardiovascular disease risk factor in an incarceration setting, understanding how to care for oneself may prove difficult as they are not allowed to manage their own medications and have limited freedom to exercise and make healthy food choices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail

Camplain

Lininger

Baldwin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease.

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“…Although jails may allow incarcerated individuals recreation time (structured time dedicated for recreational physical activity), it is often the only time dedicated for physical activity. Previous research indicates that most individuals incarcerated in jail do not regularly attend recreation time [3]. It is well established that physical activity can have immediate impacts on overall health [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals incarcerated in jail facilities experience high rates of hypertension [10][11][12], poor sleep quality [13], anxiety and depression [14], and more may experience anxiety-like symptoms from being incarcerated. However, 76% of individuals incarcerated in jail do not use recreation time regularly due to motivational, equipment, and safety factors [3], and physical activity levels during incarceration are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings

Camplain

Pinn

Williamson

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Over 9 million people are incarcerated in jail each year, but physical activity has not been assessed among incarcerated populations. Measuring physical activity in the jail setting is complicated as current physical activity measurement tools are not designed for use inside jail facilities. Therefore, we adapted an evidence-based physical activity measurement tool, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), to assess physical activity within a jail facility. SOPARC was designed to obtain observational information on physical activity of individuals. The study team created a protocol for SOPARC for use in jail facilities. Unlike the original SOPARC, access to recreation time in jail required prior scheduling. Target areas were unnecessary as recreation spaces were enclosed. The adapted SOPARC protocol for jails included start and end times, the number of individuals that attended, and recreation time users’ physical activity levels, footwear, outerwear, uniform color, and use of mobility assistive devices. The use of SOPARC in the jail setting requires adaptation to adequately capture physical activity data among incarcerated individuals. Accurately measuring physical activity among incarcerated individuals and the environment in which they are active may allow for future development and testing of physical activity interventions in jail facilities.

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Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during recreation time among women incarcerated

Barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during recreation time among women incarcerated

Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail

Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings

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