Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study

Sallis, James F.; Cerin, Ester; Conway, Terry L.; Adams, Marc A.; Frank, Lawrence D.; Pratt, Michael; Salvo, Deborah; Schipperijn, Jasper; Smith, Graham; Cain, Kelli L.; Davey, Rachel; Kerr, Jacqueline; Lai, PC; Mitáš, Josef; Reis, Rodrigo Siqueira; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Schofield, Grant; Troelsen, Jens; Dyck, Delfien Van; Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse De; Owen, Neville

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01284-2

Cited by 939 publications

(834 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…56,83,84 These findings support a recent multi-country IPEN study on physical activity, including LMICs such as Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil, where car ownership was low and active travel was therefore a necessity and not by choice. 35 Lower levels of leisure PA in low-SES populations can be attributed to social and environmental barriers that exist to a greater degree in low-SES neighborhoods. 182 Studies have found that unsafe neighborhood conditions, lack of parks, playgrounds and open spaces, and financial barriers to access recreational facilities (e.g., gyms, sports clubs, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 A few studies conducted in different settings in various parts of India point to generally low levels of regular PA, however there has been no comprehensive assessment of BE impacts on PA levels in India. 1,11,33,34 Mounting evidence suggests that the BE can facilitate or constrain PA. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] The presence of sidewalks, crosswalks, bicycle lanes, and public transportation has been linked to active travel. 11,24,40,49 Studies have consistently found associations between mixed land-use neighborhoods, reduced motor vehicle use, increases in walking, bicycling, and transit use, and a lower likelihood of obesity among residents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Can we walk?” Environmental supports for physical activity in India

Adlakha

Hipp

Brownson

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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India is currently facing a non-communicable disease epidemic. Physical activity (PA) is a preventative factor for non-communicable diseases. Understanding the role of the built environment (BE) to facilitate or constrain PA is essential for public health interventions to increase population PA. The objective of this study was to understand BEs associations with PA occurring in two major life domains or life areas-travel and leisure-in urban India. Between December 2014 and April 2015, in-person surveys were conducted with participants (N=370; female=47.2%) in Chennai, India. Perceived BE characteristics regarding residential density, land use mix-diversity, land use mixaccess, street connectivity, infrastructure for walking and bicycling, aesthetics, traffic safety, and safety from crime were measured using the adapted Neighborhood Environment Walkability ScaleIndia (NEWS-India). Self-reported PA was measured the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. High residential density was associated with greater odds of travel PA (aOR=1.9, 95% CI=1.2, 3.2). Land use mix-diversity was positively related to travel PA (aOR=2.1, 95%CI=1.2, 3.6), but not associated with leisure or total PA. The aggregate NEWS-India score predicted a two-fold increase in odds of travel PA (aOR=1.9, 95% CI=1.1, 3.1) and a 40% decrease in odds of leisure PA (aOR=0.6, 95% CI=0.4, 1.0). However, the association of the aggregated score with leisure PA was not significant. Results suggest that relationships between BE and PA in low-and-middle income countries may be context-specific, and may differ markedly from higher income countries. Findings have public health implications for India suggesting that caution should be taken when translating evidence across countries. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Can we walk?” Environmental supports for physical activity in India

Adlakha

Hipp

Brownson

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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“…, the influence of environmental factors on older adults or obese individuals) is more limited 8 . Understanding these interactions is important for developing public policy 9, 10 , planning cities 11 , and designing behavior change interventions 12, 13 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality

Althoff

Sosič

Hicks

et al. 2017

Nature

786

556

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Understanding the basic principles that govern physical activity is needed to curb the global pandemic of physical inactivity1–7 and the 5.3 million deaths per year associated with in-activity2. Our knowledge, however, remains limited owing to the lack of large-scale measurements of physical activity patterns across free-living populations worldwide1, 6. Here, we leverage the wide usage of smartphones with built-in accelerometry to measure physical activity at planetary scale. We study a dataset consisting of 68 million days of physical activity for 717,527 people, giving us a window into activity in 111 countries across the globe. We find inequality in how activity is distributed within countries and that this inequality is a better predictor of obesity prevalence in the population than average activity volume. Reduced activity in females contributes to a large portion of the observed activity inequality. Aspects of the built environment, such as the walkability of a city, were associated with less gender gap in activity and activity inequality. In more walkable cities, activity is greater throughout the day and throughout the week, across age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) groups, with the greatest increases in activity for females. Our findings have implications for global public health policy and urban planning and highlight the role of activity inequality and the built environment for improving physical activity and health.

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“…However, the authors point to the fact that the effects might not be distributed equally but favour socioeconomically advantaged groups. Smith et al's (2017) findings are confirmed by Sallis et al (2016), who identified four variables directly related to physical activity, namely residential density, intersection density, public transport density, and number of parks within walking distance. The first two (residential and intersection density) are often used as indicators for walkability.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 89%

Considering Spatial Factors in Promoting Active, Healthy Commuting

Loidl¹,

Butzhammer²,

Castellazzi³

et al. 2018

giforum

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Although mobility is spatial by its very nature, spatial factors are rarely explicitly considered in the promotion of active commuting. However, active commuting bears great potential for increasing physical activity among employees and can thus contribute to health promotion. We argue that spatial models and analyses are building blocks for more efficient strategies in corporate mobility and health promotion measures. Specifically, we propose (a) a routing algorithm that optimizes commuting journeys in terms of health effectiveness; (b) assessment models, which express the suitability of workplace environments for active commuting; (c) spatial analyses that estimate the potentials of different modes for any given location, and (d) spatial analyses that support awarenessraising for active mobility. The elements are conceptualized on a generic level and then applied to a case study in Salzburg, Austria. In this case study, we demonstrate the integrative power of a geo-spatial approach which facilitates holistic perspectives on healthy commuting and has the potential to serve as an evidence base in targeted interventions.

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Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 939 publications

References 22 publications

“Can we walk?” Environmental supports for physical activity in India

“Can we walk?” Environmental supports for physical activity in India

Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality

Considering Spatial Factors in Promoting Active, Healthy Commuting

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