Physical Activity Levels of Children and Young People in an Inpatient Setting: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with positive health-related quality of life outcomes in children and young people (CYP). However, many CYP do not meet recommended PA guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Hospital admissions reduce PA levels in adults but no review has looked into CYP levels.This review aimed to summarise existing evidence of PA levels of CYP in inpatient settings. Method:The study was registered on PROSPERO CRD42023418334 and followed PRISMA reporting guidelines. A systematic review was conducted, with 18 studies included in final synthesis.Results: CYP with physical health conditions had significantly lower PA levels than recommendations during inpatient admissions. In contrast, individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) met WHO guidelines for Moderate to Vigorous PA. Fidgeting was observed to be higher in admitted AN patients compared to community, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism for reduced step count. Notably, hospitalisation itself resulted in a decline in PA levels.There is a lack of generalisability of this data due to limited conditions investigated. Additionally, the use of different assessment tools, such as questionnaires and accelerometers, introduced heterogeneity and limited comparability between studies.Overall, the findings underscore the importance of promoting PA in CYP during hospitalisation, particularly in those with physical health conditions. Conclusion:This review sheds light on disparities in PA levels among CYP with physical health conditions and AN in the inpatient setting. Addressing these discrepancies of PA during hospitalisation could lead to improved health outcomes and enhanced overall quality of life for these populations.