Physical Activity of Working-Age People in View of Their Income Status

Abstract

Objective The study examines relationships between physical activity levels and income status of working-age city residents. Methods The study was carried out in the years 2014 and 2015 in Wrocław, Poland. The study sample comprised 4332 participants (2276 women; 2056 men) aged 18 to 64 years. Respondents' habitual physical activity levels were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), while their income status was assessed with author's own Socio-Economic Status of Working-Age People Questionnaire (S-ESQ). Results The results revealed positive correlations between the level of physical activity and income status of male and female working-age residents of Wrocław. The highest physical activity levels were noted among respondents with a steady income, as well as among respondents with the highest income and savings and with no debts. The odds for respondents' above average physical activity levels were the greatest in women with the highest income and with savings and in debt-free men and women. Conclusion Effective actions should be developed aimed at improvement of physical activity levels of people in an adverse financial situation.

Physical activity levels, its barriers, and associated factors among the patients with type 2 diabetes residing in the capital city of Bangladesh

“…Second, the leisure-time PA is higher among those who have high income than those with a low income. The individuals with a low income use part of their free time for extra-paid work that can be otherwise utilized for undertaking free-time PA. 47 This study shows a "lack of time" (OR = 4.480; CI, 1.660-12.090; P = .003) as the only barrier that significantly influenced the PAL. This finding was also supported by a study that reported "lack of time"…”

“…45 Current study identified higher income as a predictor of high level of PA that is supported by other studies. 47,48 This finding can be interpreted in a twofold way. 47 First, it can be explained by the substantial contribution of PA related to the performance of professional tasks and of commuting to one's total physical effort.…”

“…47,48 This finding can be interpreted in a twofold way. 47 First, it can be explained by the substantial contribution of PA related to the performance of professional tasks and of commuting to one's total physical effort. This is because high income is often derivative of the time, complexity, and intensity of one's occupation.…”

Dietary Habits and Dietary Antioxidant Intake Are Related to Socioeconomic Status in Polish Adults: A Nationwide Study

“…A nationally representative survey from Korea showed that adolescents with a low level of household income, whose fathers had a low level of education, were more likely to have an early initiation into smoking and drinking alcohol [31]. A study carried out in Poland in a working-age population found that respondents with a steady and higher income had the highest physical activity levels [32]. A cross-sectional analysis conducted in Germany with nearly 20,000 adults demonstrated that multimorbidity, defined as the presence of more than one chronic disease at the same time in one individual, was associated with the age and education of participants [33].…”

Enjoyment and Intensity of Physical Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality Performed on Innovative Training Devices in Compliance with Recommendations for Health

“…However, in none of them, special devices for PA in IVR were used. Meanwhile, the percentage of population with PA recommended for health by international organizations is low regardless of age or socioeconomic status [54,55,56]. AVGs in IVR helps to eliminate periods of lack of PA, characteristic to traditional computer games, which are one of the most popular leisure-time activities.…”